Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2023 Dec;96(10):1383-1392. doi: 10.1007/s00420-023-02017-z. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
Employment conditions in the care sector are changing, and precarious employment (PE) is becoming more widespread, manifesting as undervaluation, adverse leadership, work overload, and inadequate control over work. This study aimed to examine changes in psychosocial health, work well-being, PE, and calling over time and explore the effects of PE and calling on psychosocial health and work well-being.
The longitudinal study collected follow-up panel data in the three time points (2020, 2022, and 2023) from care workers (n = 1502), linear mixed effects models.
PE decreased (β = - 0.02), and perceived work well-being increased (β = 0.04), but there were no change in psychosocial health (β = - 0.01) and calling (β = 0.01) during the three-year period. Younger (< 39) care workers perceived higher levels of PE and had poorer psychological health. Moreover, PE had a negative effect on psychosocial health (β = - 0.63) and work well-being (β = - 0.68) and calling had a positive effect on psychosocial health (β = 0.41) and work well-being (β = 0.49) in multivariate models.
PE conditions affect work performance and employee well-being and may threaten patient care; therefore, it should be further investigated in the care sector. It is noteworthy that calling still seems to be central in care work. The results deepen the understanding of the current shortage crisis in health and social care workplaces but can also provide keys to resolving the crisis.
护理行业的就业条件正在发生变化，不稳定就业（PE）变得更为普遍，表现为低估、不良领导、工作过载和对工作的控制不足。本研究旨在考察一段时间内心理社会健康、工作幸福感、PE 和使命感的变化，并探讨 PE 和使命感对心理社会健康和工作幸福感的影响。
这项纵向研究在三个时间点（2020 年、2022 年和 2023 年）从护理人员（n=1502）中收集了随访面板数据，使用线性混合效应模型。
PE 减少（β=−0.02），感知工作幸福感增加（β=0.04），但在三年期间心理社会健康（β=−0.01）和使命感（β=0.01）没有变化。年龄较小（<39 岁）的护理人员感知到更高水平的 PE，心理健康状况更差。此外，PE 对心理社会健康（β=−0.63）和工作幸福感（β=−0.68）有负面影响，使命感对心理社会健康（β=0.41）和工作幸福感（β=0.49）有积极影响，这些都是在多变量模型中的结果。
PE 状况会影响工作表现和员工福祉，并可能威胁到患者护理；因此，在护理行业应进一步进行研究。值得注意的是，使命感在护理工作中似乎仍然很重要。研究结果深化了对当前卫生和社会保健工作场所短缺危机的理解，但也为解决危机提供了关键。
