Cho Yong Ju, Sherchan Juliana S, Fernandez Jessica R, Barlow Sydney A, Strassle Paula D, Forde Allana T
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute On Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Nov 20. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02159-x.
Due to stigmatization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, certain groups were believed to be the cause of COVID-19 and thus experienced COVID-19-related racism through direct interpersonal and vicarious experiences. This study used quantitative and qualitative responses to examine whether the prevalence of experiencing these types of racism varied across racial and ethnic groups.
This cross-sectional study included 5,480 participants in the REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States) study, which is a nationally representative survey administered to 5,500 U.S. adults from January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021.
COVID-19-related racism was measured using single items about whether participants: 1.) experienced racism because they were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (direct); 2.) witnessed racism against others who were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (vicarious). Logistic regression examined differences in experiencing COVID-19-related racism across racial and ethnic groups, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Themes emerged from open-ended descriptions of racism experiences coded in a thematic analysis and were reported across racial and ethnic groups.
Overall, 6.4% and 15.9% of adults experienced direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism, respectively. All racial and ethnic groups (except Hispanic/Latino English Language Preference) were significantly more likely than White adults to experience direct (AORs: 2.06-4.92) and vicarious (AORs: 1.63-3.02) COVID-19-related racism. Racial and ethnic differences were observed across thematic domains of type of mistreatment and settings where racism occurred.
Direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism were more prevalent among marginalized racial and ethnic groups, comprised various types of mistreatment, and occurred across multiple settings, thus highlighting the need for integrated efforts to reduce and prevent racism.
由于与新冠疫情相关的污名化现象，某些群体被认为是新冠病毒的源头，因此通过直接的人际互动和间接体验遭受了与新冠疫情相关的种族主义。本研究采用定量和定性的回答来检验这些类型的种族主义经历的发生率在不同种族和族裔群体中是否存在差异。
这项横断面研究纳入了“美国新冠疫情与健康相关种族经历”（REACH-US）研究中的5480名参与者，该研究是一项对5500名美国成年人进行的具有全国代表性的调查，调查时间为2021年1月26日至2021年3月3日。
使用关于参与者是否：1.）因为被认为属于更易感染新冠病毒的群体而经历种族主义（直接经历）；2.）目睹针对被认为属于更易感染新冠病毒群体的他人的种族主义（间接经历）的单项问题来衡量与新冠疫情相关的种族主义。逻辑回归分析了不同种族和族裔群体在经历与新冠疫情相关的种族主义方面的差异，并对社会人口学特征进行了调整。通过对种族主义经历的开放式描述进行主题分析得出主题，并在不同种族和族裔群体中进行报告。
总体而言，分别有6.4%和15.9%的成年人经历了直接和间接的与新冠疫情相关的种族主义。所有种族和族裔群体（除西班牙裔/拉丁裔英语偏好群体外）比白人成年人更有可能经历直接（优势比：2.06 - 4.92）和间接（优势比：1.63 - 3.02）的与新冠疫情相关的种族主义。在虐待类型和种族主义发生场所的主题领域中观察到了种族和族裔差异。
直接和间接的与新冠疫情相关的种族主义在边缘化的种族和族裔群体中更为普遍，包括各种类型的虐待，且发生在多个场所，因此凸显了采取综合措施减少和预防种族主义的必要性。
