Long J C
Genetics. 1986 Mar;112(3):629-47. doi: 10.1093/genetics/112.3.629.
The internal patterning of allelic correlations in the Gainj and Kalam swidden horticulturalists of highland Papua New Guinea is examined within the context of Sewall Wright's F-statistic model. A multiallelic extension of the model is given first, and multivariate variance-component estimators for the parameters are suggested. Then, it is shown that the expectation of the F-statistic set depends on the age structure of the population and that knowledge of the population and sample age structure is critical for meaningful analysis. The array of F-statistics estimated jointly over five polymorphic enzyme loci reveals the following features of Gainj and Kalam population structure: (1) significant departures from panmictic expectations and (2) characteristics of a continuously distributed breeding population, rather than those expected for populations subdivided into demes with discrete boundaries. Finally, the F-statistics estimated for the Gainj and Kalam are briefly compared to estimates obtained from other tribal populations. It is seen that the level of differentiation observed in the Gainj and Kalam is only about one-third that observed in South American swidden horticulturalists. Consequently, some conventional wisdom regarding the interrelationship of socioecological settings and genetic structures may require reevaluation.
在塞沃尔·赖特（Sewall Wright）的F统计模型背景下，研究了巴布亚新几内亚高地盖因杰（Gainj）和卡拉姆（Kalam）刀耕火种园艺群体中等位基因相关性的内部模式。首先给出了该模型的多等位基因扩展，并提出了参数的多变量方差分量估计量。然后表明，F统计量集的期望取决于群体的年龄结构，并且群体和样本年龄结构的知识对于有意义的分析至关重要。联合估计五个多态酶位点的F统计量阵列揭示了盖因杰和卡拉姆群体结构的以下特征：（1）显著偏离随机交配预期；（2）连续分布繁殖群体的特征，而非预期的划分为具有离散边界的群落的群体特征。最后，简要比较了盖因杰和卡拉姆群体的F统计量估计值与其他部落群体的估计值。可以看出，盖因杰和卡拉姆群体中观察到的分化水平仅约为南美刀耕火种园艺群体中观察到的分化水平的三分之一。因此，一些关于社会生态环境与遗传结构相互关系的传统观点可能需要重新评估。
