Horowitz M J
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1986 Mar;37(3):241-9. doi: 10.1176/ps.37.3.241.
The signs and symptoms of response to a stressful life event are expressed in two predominant phases: the intrusive state, characterized by unbidden ideas and feelings and even compulsive actions, and the denial state, characterized by emotional numbing and constriction of ideation. In this review of stress-response syndromes, the author outlines those phases, discusses the DSM-III diagnoses for stress-response disorders, and considers the mutual etiologic effects of stressful life events, psychiatric disorders, and preexisting conflicts or functional deficits. Guidelines for brief dynamic psychotherapy for patients who need more than transient support are presented.
侵入状态，其特征为不由自主的想法、感受甚至强迫行为；否认状态，其特征为情感麻木和思维受限。在这篇关于应激反应综合征的综述中，作者概述了这些阶段，讨论了应激反应障碍的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）诊断标准，并考虑了压力性生活事件、精神疾病以及先前存在的冲突或功能缺陷之间的相互病因学影响。还为那些需要的支持不止是短暂性支持的患者提供了简短动态心理治疗的指导方针。
