Attia Nour Fathi, Nour Mohamed A, Elashery Sally E A
Gas Analysis and Fire Safety Laboratory, Chemistry Division, National Institute for Standards, 136, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Str, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 21;14(1):28841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80360-y.
A novel and environmentally friendly route was developed for production of sustainable flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective nanoparticles for polymeric films nanocomposites. For the first time, dried molokhia leaves were engineered into spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 8.5 nm via an eco-friendly, one-pot solid-state ball-milling method. The engineered nanoparticles were proved using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The sustainable nanoparticles were employed as an efficient and green flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective materials for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films. The distinct compatibility between PVA chains and spherical nanoparticles afford excellent homogeneous dispersion of each nanoparticle in the polymer matrix. Compared to blank PVA film which burned at a rate of 125 mm/min, the novel nanoparticles achieved significant flame retardancy for polymer nanocomposites films recording zero rate of burning. Their outstanding charring ability and naturally doped elemental composition were attributed to their higher flame retardancy achieved. Moreover, the newly developed multifunctional nanoparticles integrated outstanding UV protection feature to developed polymer nanocomposite films recording UV protection factor superiority of more than 900% compared to nanoparticle free film. Noteworthy to note that, the nanoparticles afford excellent inhibition to bacterial growth against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus over the surface of developed polymer nanocomposite films achieving clear inhibition zone of 9 and 7.6 mm compared to zero mm for pristine polymer film, respectively. In addition, a proposed and clarified flame retardancy mechanism was presented. Additionally, an assessment was conducted regarding the economic feasibility of producing sustainable multifunctional nanoparticles on an industrial scale.
开发了一种新颖且环保的路线，用于生产用于聚合物薄膜纳米复合材料的可持续阻燃、抗菌和紫外线防护纳米颗粒。首次通过一种环保的一锅固态球磨法将干燥的锦葵叶加工成平均尺寸为8.5纳米的球形纳米颗粒。使用光谱和显微镜技术对工程化纳米颗粒进行了验证。这些可持续的纳米颗粒被用作聚乙烯醇（PVA）纳米复合薄膜的高效绿色阻燃、抗菌和紫外线防护材料。PVA链与球形纳米颗粒之间独特的相容性使每个纳米颗粒在聚合物基质中实现了优异的均匀分散。与以125毫米/分钟的速度燃烧的空白PVA薄膜相比，这种新型纳米颗粒使聚合物纳米复合薄膜具有显著的阻燃性，燃烧速率为零。它们出色的炭化能力和天然掺杂的元素组成归因于其实现的更高阻燃性。此外，新开发的多功能纳米颗粒为所开发的聚合物纳米复合薄膜赋予了出色的紫外线防护功能，与无纳米颗粒的薄膜相比，紫外线防护因子优势超过900%。值得注意的是，这些纳米颗粒对所开发的聚合物纳米复合薄膜表面的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长具有出色的抑制作用，与原始聚合物薄膜的0毫米相比，实现了9毫米和7.6毫米清晰的抑制区。此外，还提出并阐明了一种阻燃机理。此外，还对工业规模生产可持续多功能纳米颗粒的经济可行性进行了评估。
