Tipu Mohammad M H, Sherif Sherif M
Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, VA, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Nov 7;15:1475496. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1475496. eCollection 2024.
Ethylene is an important phytohormone that orchestrates a multitude of physiological and biochemical processes regulating fruit ripening, from early maturation to post-harvest. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of ethylene's multifaceted roles in climacteric fruit ripening, characterized by a pronounced increase in ethylene production and respiration rates. It explores potential genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene's action, focusing on key transcription factors, biosynthetic pathway genes, and signal transduction elements crucial for the expression of ripening-related genes. The varied sensitivity and dependency of ripening traits on ethylene are elucidated through studies employing genetic mutations and ethylene inhibitors such as AVG and 1-MCP. Additionally, the modulation of ripening traits by ethylene is influenced by its interaction with other phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, and salicylic acid. Pre-harvest fruit drop is intricately linked to ethylene, which triggers enzyme activity in the abscission zone, leading to cell wall degradation and fruit detachment. This review also highlights the potential for applying ethylene-related knowledge in commercial contexts to enhance fruit quality, control pre-harvest drop, and extend shelf life. Future research directions are proposed, advocating for the integration of physiological, genetic, biochemical, and transcriptional insights to further elucidate ethylene's role in fruit ripening and its interaction with other hormonal pathways.
乙烯是一种重要的植物激素，它协调着从果实早期成熟到采后等众多调节果实成熟的生理和生化过程。本综述全面分析了乙烯在跃变型果实成熟过程中的多方面作用，其特点是乙烯产量和呼吸速率显著增加。它探讨了乙烯作用背后潜在的遗传和分子机制，重点关注关键转录因子、生物合成途径基因以及对成熟相关基因表达至关重要的信号转导元件。通过使用基因突变和乙烯抑制剂（如氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸和1-甲基环丙烯）的研究，阐明了成熟性状对乙烯的不同敏感性和依赖性。此外，乙烯对成熟性状的调节受其与其他植物激素相互作用的影响，这些植物激素包括生长素、脱落酸、赤霉素、茉莉酸、油菜素内酯和水杨酸。采前落果与乙烯密切相关，乙烯会触发离层区的酶活性，导致细胞壁降解和果实脱落。本综述还强调了在商业环境中应用乙烯相关知识以提高果实品质、控制采前落果和延长货架期的潜力。提出了未来的研究方向，倡导整合生理、遗传、生化和转录方面的见解，以进一步阐明乙烯在果实成熟中的作用及其与其他激素途径的相互作用。
