Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain.
J Exp Bot. 2023 Oct 31;74(20):6237-6253. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad271.
Fruit ripening involves numerous physiological, structural, and metabolic changes that result in the formation of edible fruits. This process is controlled at different molecular levels, with essential roles for phytohormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Fleshy fruits are classified as either climacteric or non-climacteric species. Climacteric fruits are characterized by a burst in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening, while regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening has been commonly attributed to abscisic acid (ABA). However, there is controversy as to whether mechanisms regulating fruit ripening are shared between non-climacteric species, and to what extent other hormones contribute alongside ABA. In this review, we summarize classic and recent studies on the accumulation profile and role of ABA and other important hormones in the regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, as well as their crosstalk, paying special attention to the two main non-climacteric plant models, strawberry and grape. We highlight both the common and different roles of these regulators in these two crops, and discuss the importance of the transcriptional and environmental regulation of fruit ripening, as well as the need to optimize genetic transformation methodologies to facilitate gene functional analyses.
果实成熟涉及许多生理、结构和代谢变化，导致可食用果实的形成。这个过程在不同的分子水平上受到调控，植物激素、转录因子和表观遗传修饰起着重要作用。肉质果实分为跃变型和非跃变型。跃变型果实的特点是在成熟开始时呼吸和乙烯产量突然增加，而非跃变型果实成熟的调控通常归因于脱落酸（ABA）。然而，关于非跃变型物种之间是否共享调控果实成熟的机制，以及 ABA 以外的其他激素在多大程度上共同起作用，存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们总结了经典和最近的研究，重点关注非跃变型植物模型草莓和葡萄，阐述了 ABA 和其他重要激素在非跃变型果实发育和成熟中的积累模式和作用，以及它们的串扰。我们强调了这些调节剂在这两种作物中的共同和不同作用，并讨论了果实成熟的转录和环境调控的重要性，以及优化遗传转化方法以促进基因功能分析的必要性。
