Gao Peng Ju, Abbas Hasnain, Li Fa Qiao, Tang Guo Rong, Lv Ju Zhi, Zhou Xun Bo
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Maize Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Nov 7;15:1436011. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436011. eCollection 2024.
To increase the crop yield, the amount of agrochemicals used in field has increased in recent years. Moreover, indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers has led to soil deterioration and compaction. Inclusion of straw and tillage practices to the field could play an important role in improving the soil quality and crop yield. Therefore, we hypothesized that combination of straw return and different tillage practices would result in improvement in soil health and crop productivity.
Therefore an experiment was conducted a split plot design during 2018-2022. They were comprised of traditional planting with no straw return and straw return, accompanied by four different tillage methods: control (no tillage), rotary tillage (25 cm tillage depth), subsoiling (35 cm tillage depth), and subsoiling plus rotary tillage (35 + 25 cm tillage depth).
Results showed that subsoiling along with rotary tillage enhanced soil total nitrogen (TN) by 9.0%, soil organic carbon (SOC) 7.5%, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) 6.8%, soil catalase (S-CAT) 9.6%, soil urease (S-UE) 4.1%, soil cellulase (S-CL) 14.5%, soil sucrase (S-SC) 10.8% and maize yield 3.0% compared to no tillage.
Correlation analysis showed that (i) maize yield was significantly and positively correlated with S-SC, S-CL, S-UE, SOC, and TN. (ii) S-SC was significantly and positively correlated with TN, SOC, and MBC. (iii) TN was significantly and positively correlated with S-UE, and SOC was significantly and positively correlated with S-SC. It has been concluded that straw return coupled with subsoiling and rotary tillage is an appropriate approach to enrich soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and maize yield.
为了提高作物产量，近年来田间农用化学品的使用量有所增加。此外，化肥的滥用导致了土壤退化和压实。将秸秆和耕作措施纳入田间管理对改善土壤质量和作物产量可能起到重要作用。因此，我们假设秸秆还田与不同耕作措施相结合将改善土壤健康状况并提高作物生产力。
因此，在2018 - 2022年期间采用裂区设计进行了一项实验。实验设置了不进行秸秆还田的传统种植和秸秆还田两种处理，并伴有四种不同的耕作方法：对照（免耕）、旋耕（耕作深度25厘米）、深松（耕作深度35厘米）以及深松加旋耕（耕作深度35 + 25厘米）。
结果表明，与免耕相比，深松加旋耕使土壤全氮（TN）增加了9.0%，土壤有机碳（SOC）增加了7.5%，土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）增加了6.8%，土壤过氧化氢酶（S - CAT）增加了9.6%，土壤脲酶（S - UE）增加了4.1%，土壤纤维素酶（S - CL）增加了14.5%，土壤蔗糖酶（S - SC）增加了10.8%，玉米产量增加了3.0%。
相关性分析表明：（i）玉米产量与S - SC、S - CL、S - UE、SOC和TN显著正相关。（ii）S - SC与TN、SOC和MBC显著正相关。（iii）TN与S - UE显著正相关，SOC与S - SC显著正相关。得出的结论是，秸秆还田结合深松和旋耕是一种增加土壤养分、酶活性和玉米产量的合适方法。
