Zabolotneva A A, Laskina T A, Kharchev D N, Shestopalov A V
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2024 Nov;178(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/s10517-024-06275-w. Epub 2024 Nov 22.
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the formation of excess body weight and disorders of lipid metabolism and causes persistent dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbial community. Changes in eating behavior, endocrine and immune functions of the host are associated with changes in the structure and functional activity of microbial communities. Short-term HFD may also influence the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, but data on this issue are limited, and most papers are focused on the study of the large intestinal microbiota. The present study examined the effect of short-term HFD (4 weeks) on the structure of microbial communities in the small and large intestines of 24 mice. High-throughput metagenomic sequencing was performed on 48 samples of small and large intestine contents. It was revealed that short-term HFD in mice contributed to impaired glucose tolerance and increased the diversity of microbiota in the colon, but not of the small intestine, and also led to changes in the representation of certain microbial taxa (in particular Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia). Furthermore, short-term HFD increased blood glucose levels compared to control mice (fed a normal diet), but did not affect lipid metabolism. The results will help to assess the contribution of environmental factors to the structure of microbial communities of the small and large intestines and may also be useful for correcting dysbiotic conditions, including when prescribing therapeutic diets (for example, a ketogenic diet).
长期高脂饮食（HFD）会促进体重超标和脂质代谢紊乱的形成，并导致肠道微生物群落持续的生态失调变化。宿主的饮食行为、内分泌和免疫功能的变化与微生物群落的结构和功能活动的变化相关。短期高脂饮食也可能影响肠道微生物群的组成和功能，但关于这个问题的数据有限，并且大多数论文都集中在对大肠微生物群的研究上。本研究检测了短期高脂饮食（4周）对24只小鼠小肠和大肠中微生物群落结构的影响。对48份小肠和大肠内容物样本进行了高通量宏基因组测序。结果显示，小鼠短期高脂饮食导致糖耐量受损，并增加了结肠中微生物群的多样性，但小肠中没有，还导致了某些微生物类群（特别是柔膜菌门和疣微菌门）的代表性变化。此外，与对照小鼠（喂食正常饮食）相比，短期高脂饮食会使血糖水平升高，但不影响脂质代谢。这些结果将有助于评估环境因素对小肠和大肠微生物群落结构的影响，也可能有助于纠正生态失调状况，包括在开治疗性饮食处方（例如生酮饮食）时。
