Blötner Christian, Spormann Sandy S, Hofmann Miriam J, Mokros Andreas
Chair of Personality, Legal Psychology, and Assessment, Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany.
J Pers. 2025 Oct;93(5):1125-1138. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12996. Epub 2024 Nov 23.
Various psychological concepts with different names reflect essentially the same content. A recent study (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112102) found short scales of subclinical psychopathy and everyday sadism to be affected by this so-called jangle fallacy: Latent factors of psychopathy and everyday sadism were almost perfectly correlated, the nomological networks of psychopathy and sadism measures were almost identical, and in some cases, core criteria of psychopathy were more strongly related to sadism and vice versa.
The present research (Ns = 1076 and 507; self-report) is an extended replication of the aforementioned study utilizing long scales instead of short scales for both constructs and corresponding criteria that were more pertinent to their potential distinction.
As in the original study, the latent psychopathy and sadism factors were almost perfectly correlated. The nomological networks of the psychopathy and sadism scales were almost identical, with numerous focal correlates of psychopathy being equally or even more strongly related to sadism and vice versa.
These findings corroborate the earlier findings of the jangle fallacy of subclinical psychopathy and everyday sadism, calling into question the existence of everyday sadism as a unique construct.
各种名称不同的心理学概念本质上反映的是相同的内容。最近一项研究（https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112102）发现，亚临床精神病态和日常施虐倾向的简短量表受到这种所谓的“混淆谬误”的影响：精神病态和日常施虐倾向的潜在因素几乎完全相关，精神病态和施虐倾向测量的法则网络几乎相同，而且在某些情况下，精神病态的核心标准与施虐倾向的相关性更强，反之亦然。
本研究（样本量分别为1076和507；采用自我报告法）是上述研究的扩展复制，使用的是长量表而非短量表来测量这两种构念以及与其潜在差异更相关的相应标准。
与原研究一样，潜在的精神病态因素和施虐倾向因素几乎完全相关。精神病态量表和施虐倾向量表的法则网络几乎相同，精神病态的众多焦点相关因素与施虐倾向的相关性相同甚至更强，反之亦然。
这些发现证实了早期关于亚临床精神病态和日常施虐倾向存在混淆谬误的研究结果，使人质疑日常施虐倾向作为一种独特构念的存在。
