归因于青少年和 15-39 岁青年人群代谢风险因素的全球疾病负担，1990-2021 年。

Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39, 1990-2021.

机构信息

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Medical Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

出版信息

Clin Nutr. 2024 Dec;43(12):391-404. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016. Epub 2024 Nov 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016

PMID:39579593

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally.

AIMS

This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database.

METHODS

Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of DALYs were utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021.

RESULTS

From 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0 % (27.4-38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2 % and 53.6 %, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5 %) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.

摘要

背景

代谢风险因素是青少年和年轻人全球负担的重要原因，但全球对这些代谢风险因素造成的负担关注度不足。

目的

本研究旨在根据全球疾病负担研究（GBD）数据库，提供 1990 年至 2021 年 15-39 岁人群 5 种重要代谢风险因素的综合估计以及归因于这些因素的疾病负担。

方法

使用全球总死亡人数和伤残调整生命年（DALY）来描述高空腹血糖（FPG）、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高收缩压（SBP）、高体重指数（BMI）和肾功能障碍 5 种常见代谢风险因素在青少年和年轻人中造成的负担。利用 DALY 年变化百分比（EAPC）描述 1990 年至 2021 年的趋势。

结果

1990 年至 2021 年，所有代谢风险因素导致的 DALY 率呈全球性显著上升趋势，EAPC 达到 33.0%（27.4-38.7）。与女性相比，男性因代谢风险因素导致的死亡和 DALY 负担更重，增长幅度也更大。2021 年，高 BMI 和高 FPG 成为前两种代谢风险因素，其综合暴露变量（SEV）分别上升了 84.2%和 53.6%。中低社会人口指数（SDI）、中 SDI 和高 SDI 地区的 DALY 率呈上升趋势，而低 SDI 地区保持稳定。在 204 个国家和地区中，101 个（49.5%）的国家和地区的 DALY 率呈上升趋势，这表明 EAPC 有显著变化。