Niechcial Malwina A, Elhag Shaimaa M, Potter Lauren M, Dickson Adele, Gow Alan J
Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Jan;103:102592. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102592. Epub 2024 Nov 22.
As we age our cognitive abilities can change. However, the degree of change experienced is influenced by a range of factors. To understand what the public know about risk and protective factors for cognitive ageing, a systematic review was conducted of studies considering what people know about brain health.
The search strategy included quantitative and qualitative studies in English, including interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, surveys of beliefs about brain health (including predictions, opinions) in generally healthy adults. PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for published peer-reviewed literature; and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and National Grey Literature Collection, PsycExtra and Google searches for grey literature.
From 37,197 records, one hundred and one were included, comprising 71 quantitative (22 grey literature), 27 qualitative (1 grey literature) and 3 mixed-methods (1 grey literature). Studies were grouped into three themes: Concerns about cognitive ageing, Opportunities to promote brain health and Understanding dementia risk reduction and prevention.
Studies reported varying levels of knowledge of brain health, alongside some suggestions for brain health that were somewhat superficial and not always consistent with scientific consensus. There were differences between groups of participants who exhibited less knowledge of brain health, for example, men, older adults, those with lower education and incomes, and ethnic minorities. This review highlights the need for clear messaging around opportunities to promote brain health, including scientifically-endorsed lifestyle factors and more information on the mechanisms by which they operate.
随着年龄增长，我们的认知能力会发生变化。然而，认知能力变化的程度受一系列因素影响。为了解公众对认知老化的风险因素和保护因素的了解情况，我们对有关人们对大脑健康了解程度的研究进行了系统综述。
检索策略包括英文的定量和定性研究，包括访谈、焦点小组、问卷调查，以及对一般健康成年人关于大脑健康的信念（包括预测、观点）的调查。使用PubMed、PsycINFO、Scopus和科学网检索已发表的同行评审文献；使用ProQuest学位论文数据库、国家灰色文献库、PsycExtra并通过谷歌搜索灰色文献。
从37197条记录中，纳入了101项研究，包括71项定量研究（22项灰色文献）、27项定性研究（1项灰色文献）和3项混合方法研究（1项灰色文献）。研究分为三个主题：对认知老化的担忧、促进大脑健康的机会以及对痴呆症风险降低和预防的理解。
研究报告了对大脑健康的不同了解程度，同时也提出了一些关于大脑健康的建议，这些建议有些肤浅，且并不总是与科学共识一致。在对大脑健康了解较少的参与者群体之间存在差异，例如男性、老年人、教育程度和收入较低者以及少数族裔。本综述强调需要围绕促进大脑健康的机会提供明确信息，包括经科学认可的生活方式因素以及更多关于其作用机制的信息。
