Papoutsoglou Panagiotis, Morillon Antonin
ncRNA, Epigenetics and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, F-75248 Paris, France.
Noncoding RNA. 2024 Nov 5;10(6):54. doi: 10.3390/ncrna10060054.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost every cell type and are considered carriers of active biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Their content can be uptaken and released into the cytoplasm of recipient cells, thereby inducing gene reprogramming and phenotypic changes in the acceptor cells. Whether the effects of EVs on the physiology of recipient cells are mediated by individual biomolecules or the collective outcome of the total transferred EV content is still under debate. The EV RNA content consists of several types of RNA, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), the latter defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins but have important established biological functions. This review aims to update our insights on the functional roles of EV and their cargo non-coding RNA during cancer progression, to highlight the utility of EV RNA as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in cancer, and to tackle the technological advances and limitations for EV RNA identification, integrity assessment, and preservation of its functionality.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）几乎由所有细胞类型分泌，被认为是活性生物分子的载体，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质。它们的内容物可以被摄取并释放到受体细胞的细胞质中，从而诱导受体细胞的基因重编程和表型变化。EVs对受体细胞生理学的影响是由单个生物分子介导的，还是由转移的EVs总内容物的集体结果介导的，仍存在争议。EV RNA内容物由几种类型的RNA组成，如信使RNA（mRNA）、微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），后者被定义为长度超过200个核苷酸的转录本，不编码蛋白质但具有重要的既定生物学功能。本综述旨在更新我们对EV及其货物非编码RNA在癌症进展过程中的功能作用的认识，强调EV RNA作为癌症新型诊断或预后生物标志物的实用性，并探讨EV RNA鉴定、完整性评估及其功能保存的技术进展和局限性。
