Schall J D, Vitek D J, Leventhal A G
J Neurosci. 1986 Mar;6(3):823-36. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-03-00823.1986.
Most retinal ganglion cells (Levick and Thibos, 1982) and cortical cells (Leventhal, 1983; Leventhal et al., 1984) subserving peripheral vision respond best to stimuli that are oriented radially, i.e., like the spokes of a wheel with the area centralis at the hub. We have extended this work by comparing directly the distributions of orientations represented in topographically corresponding regions of retina and visual cortex. Both central and peripheral regions were studied. The relations between the orientations of neighboring ganglion cells and the manner in which the overrepresentation of radial orientations is accommodated in the functional architecture of visual cortex were also studied. Our results are based on an analysis of the orientations of the dendritic fields of 1296 ganglion cells throughout the retina and the preferred orientations of 1389 cells located in retinotopically corresponding regions of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat. We find that horizontal and vertical orientations are overrepresented in regions of both retina and visual cortex subserving the central 5 degrees of vision. The distributions of the orientations of retinal ganglion cells and cortical cells subserving the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal meridians outside the area centralis differ significantly. The distribution of the preferred orientations of the S (simple) cells in areas 17, 18 and 19 subserving a given part of the retina corresponds to the distribution of the dendritic field orientations of the ganglion cells in that part of retina. The distribution of the preferred orientations of C (complex) cells with narrow receptive fields in area 17 but not C cells with wide receptive fields in areas 17, 18, or 19 subserving a given part of the retina matches the distribution of the orientations of the ganglion cells in that part of retina. The orientations of all of the alpha-cells in 5-9 mm2 patches of retina along the horizontal, vertical, and oblique meridians were determined. A comparison of the orientations of neighboring cells indicates that other than a mutual tendency to be oriented radially, ganglion cells with similar orientations are not clustered in the retina. Reconstructions of electrode penetrations into regions of visual cortex representing peripheral retina indicate that columns subserving radial orientations are wider than those subserving nonradial orientations. Our results provide evidence that the distribution of the preferred orientations of simple cells in visual cortex subserving any region of the visual field matches the distribution of the orientations of the ganglion cells subserving the same region of the visual field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
大多数负责周边视觉的视网膜神经节细胞（莱维克和蒂博斯，1982年）以及皮质细胞（莱文索尔，1983年；莱文索尔等人，1984年）对呈放射状排列的刺激反应最佳，即类似于以中央凹为中心的车轮辐条。我们通过直接比较视网膜和视觉皮质拓扑对应区域中所代表的方向分布来扩展这项研究。研究了中央和周边区域。还研究了相邻神经节细胞方向之间的关系以及放射状方向的过度表征在视觉皮质功能结构中的容纳方式。我们的结果基于对猫整个视网膜中1296个神经节细胞树突野方向以及位于皮质17、18和19区视网膜拓扑对应区域中的1389个细胞的偏好方向的分析。我们发现，在负责中央5度视觉的视网膜和视觉皮质区域中，水平和垂直方向的细胞数量过多。在中央凹以外区域，负责水平、垂直和对角子午线的视网膜神经节细胞和皮质细胞方向分布存在显著差异。在皮质17、18和19区中，负责视网膜特定部分的S（简单）细胞偏好方向分布与该部分视网膜神经节细胞树突野方向分布相对应。在皮质17区中，具有窄感受野的C（复杂）细胞偏好方向分布与负责视网膜特定部分的神经节细胞方向分布相匹配，但在皮质17、18或19区中具有宽感受野的C细胞则不然。确定了沿水平、垂直和斜子午线的5 - 9平方毫米视网膜区域内所有α细胞的方向。相邻细胞方向的比较表明，除了有相互呈放射状排列的倾向外，方向相似的神经节细胞在视网膜中并不聚集。对代表周边视网膜的视觉皮质区域进行电极穿透重建表明，负责放射状方向的柱比负责非放射状方向的柱更宽。我们的结果提供了证据，表明在视觉皮质中，负责视野任何区域的简单细胞偏好方向分布与负责同一视野区域的神经节细胞方向分布相匹配。（摘要截选至400字）
