Rivera-Villanueva A Nayelli, Frick Winifred F, Cheng Tina L, Zamora-Gutierrez Veronica
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR) Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 34220 Durango, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sostenible, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66455 Nuevo León, Mexico.
J Mammal. 2024 Aug 19;105(6):1221-1230. doi: 10.1093/jmammal/gyae092. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Temporal activity patterns of animals can indicate how individuals respond to changing conditions. Gregarious roosting bats provide an opportunity to compare activity patterns among individuals living in the same location to investigate how reproductive status or sex may influence activity budgets. We examined how the activity patterns of the nectarivorous bat vary depending on reproductive conditions, sex, and environmental conditions. We analyzed 5 years of individual mark-resighting data using daily detections of marked with passive integrated transponder tags (PIT-tags) at 3 subterranean roosts on the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. We derived 4 metrics using PIT-tag detections at roost entrances to calculate periods inside the roost and time spent outside the roost (time of emergence, returns to the roost, hours inside the roost, and hours of activity). We found differences among pregnant, lactating, and nonreproductive females for roost returns, hours inside the roost, and hours of activity outside the roost. Lactating females spent the longest time outside the roost, suggesting that the energetic demands of lactation require longer foraging bouts. Contrary to our expectations, lactating females had the fewest returns to the roost during the night, suggesting that lactating females did not shorten foraging bouts to return to nurse pups. Activity patterns differed between females and males and among seasons associated with different food availability. Females had fewer returns during the night and spent more time outside the roost than males. The time of emergence for males was earlier than for females except during the nectar season when most females are reproductively active. Differences in activity patterns among reproductive status, sex, and environmental conditions show how individuals modify behaviors to meet their energetic demands. We demonstrate how mark-resighting data from PIT-tag systems at roost entrances can be used to compare activity patterns of gregarious roosting bats.
动物的时间活动模式可以表明个体如何应对不断变化的环境条件。群居栖息的蝙蝠提供了一个机会，可以比较生活在同一地点的个体之间的活动模式，以研究繁殖状态或性别如何影响活动预算。我们研究了食蜜蝙蝠的活动模式如何根据繁殖条件、性别和环境条件而变化。我们分析了5年的个体标记重捕数据，这些数据来自于在墨西哥下加利福尼亚半岛的3个地下栖息地对带有被动集成应答器标签（PIT标签）的蝙蝠的每日检测。我们使用在栖息地入口处的PIT标签检测得出4个指标，以计算在栖息地内的时间和在栖息地外花费的时间（出现时间、返回栖息地的时间、在栖息地内的小时数和活动小时数）。我们发现怀孕、哺乳和非繁殖雌性在返回栖息地、在栖息地内的小时数以及在栖息地外的活动小时数方面存在差异。哺乳雌性在栖息地外花费的时间最长，这表明哺乳的能量需求需要更长的觅食时间。与我们的预期相反，哺乳雌性在夜间返回栖息地的次数最少，这表明哺乳雌性不会缩短觅食时间来返回哺育幼崽。雌性和雄性之间以及与不同食物可获得性相关的季节之间的活动模式存在差异。雌性在夜间返回的次数较少，并且比雄性在栖息地外花费更多时间。除了在花蜜季节大多数雌性具有繁殖活性时，雄性的出现时间比雌性早。繁殖状态、性别和环境条件之间活动模式的差异表明个体如何改变行为以满足其能量需求。我们展示了如何使用栖息地入口处PIT标签系统的标记重捕数据来比较群居栖息蝙蝠的活动模式。
