Dandamudi Bindu Jyothi, Dimaano Kathrina Antheia M, Shah Nensi, AlQassab Osamah, Al-Sulaitti Zainab, Nelakuditi Bhavana, Mohammed Lubna
Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 26;16(10):e72427. doi: 10.7759/cureus.72427. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Neurodegenerative diseases are severe, age-related conditions with complex etiologies that result in significant morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiome, a dynamic symbiotic environment comprising commensal organisms, represents the largest reservoir of these organisms within the human body. It produces short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals, and neuroactive compounds, which can modulate neuronal function, plasticity, and behavior. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment, aging, and brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Communication between the gut and brain occurs through a bidirectional channel known as the gut-microbiome-brain axis, which is being explored for therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. This literature review was conducted through a comprehensive search of five electronic databases - PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Review, and Google Scholar - from inception to June 2024, focusing on English-language studies. Keywords included "gut-brain axis", "microbiome dysbiosis", "neurodegeneration", and disorder-specific terms such as "Alzheimer's disease" and "Parkinson's disease", paired with "gut microbiome". The review examines current knowledge on the relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing potential mechanisms and therapeutic options. Results indicate that gut dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, is intricately associated with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis by influencing immune responses, increasing blood-brain barrier permeability, and generating neurotoxic metabolites. Therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiome, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in restoring microbial balance and slowing disease progression. However, further research is essential to validate these findings and develop effective clinical interventions.
神经退行性疾病是严重的、与年龄相关的疾病，病因复杂，会导致显著的发病率和死亡率。肠道微生物群是一个由共生生物组成的动态共生环境，是人体内这些生物的最大储存库。它产生短链脂肪酸、内源性信号和神经活性化合物，可调节神经元功能、可塑性和行为。新出现的证据表明，肠道微生物群在神经发育、衰老和脑部疾病（包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和中风）中起关键作用。肠道和大脑之间通过一个双向通道进行通信，这个通道被称为肠道-微生物群-脑轴，目前正在探索其在神经退行性疾病中的治疗潜力。本综述通过全面检索五个电子数据库——PubMed、Scopus、Ovid Medline、Cochrane综述和谷歌学术——从创刊到2024年6月，重点关注英语研究。关键词包括“肠-脑轴”、“微生物群失调”、“神经退行性变”以及特定疾病术语，如“阿尔茨海默病”和“帕金森病”，并与“肠道微生物群”配对。该综述研究了关于肠道微生物群与神经退行性疾病之间关系的现有知识，强调了潜在机制和治疗选择。结果表明，以微生物失衡为特征的肠道生态失调通过影响免疫反应、增加血脑屏障通透性和产生神经毒性代谢物，与神经退行性疾病的发病机制密切相关。针对肠道微生物群的治疗方法，包括益生菌、益生元以及粪便微生物群移植，在恢复微生物平衡和减缓疾病进展方面显示出前景。然而，进一步的研究对于验证这些发现和开发有效的临床干预措施至关重要。
