Hirokawa-Ueda Hitomi, Sawamura Yuki, Taketani Reiko, Tojo Yuka, Ono Hisae
Department of Psychological Science, Graduate School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, JPN.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Konan Women's University, Kobe, JPN.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 25;16(10):e72394. doi: 10.7759/cureus.72394. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Background Mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely reported, with various influencing factors identified. However, factors affecting mental health in the post-pandemic period remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors influencing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 post-pandemic period. Methods An online cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted from December 5, 2023 to December 8, 2023. Basic demographic information and social factors were evaluated using a custom-designed questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Japanese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, personality traits were measured with the Japanese version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory, and stress coping strategies were measured with the Japanese version of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of gender, age, occupation, subjective economic status, COVID-19 history, presence of pre-pandemic depressive symptoms, personality traits, and stress coping strategies on post-pandemic depressive symptoms by calculating ORs and CIs. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0 (Released 2022; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). We set a statistical significance level of 0.05 (two-tailed). Results Among all participants (n = 838), lower subjective economic status (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99-4.24), frequent substance use (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.46), higher self-blame (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.39-2.95), higher levels of active coping (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.88), higher acceptance (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98), and pre-pandemic depressive symptoms (OR: 16.84, 95% CI: 11.61-24.44) were significantly associated with post-pandemic depressive symptoms. Conclusions This study identified pre-pandemic depressive symptoms, lower subjective economic status, higher self-blame, and frequent substance use as risk factors for post-pandemic depressive symptoms. These findings suggest the need for social support, economic assistance, and mental health education to promote constructive stress management alternatives to substance use for the prevention of depression in the context of pandemics.
与新冠疫情相关的心理健康问题已被广泛报道，且已确定了各种影响因素。然而，大流行后时期影响心理健康的因素仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在调查新冠疫情后时期影响抑郁症状的因素。
于2023年12月5日至2023年12月8日采用便利抽样法进行了一项在线横断面调查。使用定制问卷评估基本人口统计学信息和社会因素。用日语版医院焦虑抑郁量表测量抑郁症状，用日语版十项人格量表测量人格特质，用日语版经历问题应对取向简表测量压力应对策略。通过计算比值比（OR）和可信区间（CI），进行逻辑回归分析，以检验性别、年龄、职业、主观经济状况、新冠病史、疫情前抑郁症状、人格特质和压力应对策略对疫情后抑郁症状的影响。所有统计分析均使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows，版本29.0（2022年发布；IBM公司，美国纽约州阿蒙克）。我们将统计显著性水平设定为0.05（双侧）。
在所有参与者（n = 838）中，较低的主观经济状况（OR：2.90，95% CI：1.99 - 4.24）、频繁使用物质（OR：1.70，95% CI：1.17 - 2.46）、较高的自责感（OR：2.03，95% CI：1.39 - 2.95）、较高水平的积极应对（OR：0.58，95% CI：0.38 - 0.88）、较高的接纳度（OR：0.61，95% CI：0.38 - 0.98）以及疫情前抑郁症状（OR：16.84，95% CI：11.61 - 24.44）与疫情后抑郁症状显著相关。
本研究确定疫情前抑郁症状、较低的主观经济状况、较高的自责感和频繁使用物质是疫情后抑郁症状的危险因素。这些发现表明，在疫情背景下，需要社会支持、经济援助和心理健康教育，以促进建设性的压力管理替代方法，而非使用物质来预防抑郁症。
