Weber Rosa, Ferry Mathieu, Ichou Mathieu
Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Aubervilliers, France.
Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Demography. 2024 Dec 1;61(6):1923-1948. doi: 10.1215/00703370-11670148.
Prior research has found that immigrants are often overeducated: their educational attainment is higher than required or commonly observed in their occupation. Yet, less is known about the education-occupation mismatch among immigrants' children and grandchildren (the second and third generations). Using the French Trajectories and Origins 2 (TeO2, 2019-2020) survey, we test theoretically grounded hypotheses on the level of vertical (educational attainment) and horizontal (field of study) mismatch in the first, second, and third generations as well as on the mechanisms underlying the mismatch. Results indicate that vertical mismatch is substantially lower in the second and third generations than in the first, supporting the hypothesis that vertical mismatch is largely the result of imperfect international transferability of credentials. By contrast, higher levels of horizontal mismatch persist in the second and third generations among men of non-European descent. Differences in horizontal mismatch between immigrants' and natives' descendants are largely accounted for by initial sorting into fields of study.
先前的研究发现，移民往往受教育程度过高：他们的教育水平高于其职业所需或普遍观察到的水平。然而，对于移民子女和孙辈（第二代和第三代）中的教育与职业不匹配情况，我们了解得较少。利用法国轨迹与出身2（TeO2，2019 - 2020）调查，我们检验了关于第一代、第二代和第三代在垂直（教育程度）和水平（研究领域）不匹配程度的理论假设，以及不匹配背后的机制。结果表明，第二代和第三代的垂直不匹配程度明显低于第一代，这支持了垂直不匹配在很大程度上是证书国际可转移性不完善所致的假设。相比之下，非欧洲裔男性的第二代和第三代中水平不匹配程度更高。移民后代与本土后代在水平不匹配方面的差异很大程度上是由最初进入研究领域的分类造成的。
