Kim Wooseong
Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Popul. 2024 Nov 26;40(1):34. doi: 10.1007/s10680-024-09723-5.
Research on the children of immigrants born in the host country (G2) consistently reveals disparities between their educational achievements and labour market outcomes compared to the majority population. This study provides new insights into understanding this disparity by examining patterns of overqualification-i.e., a downward educational mismatch-among the G2. Specifically, it explores 1) how overqualification patterns differ between the G2, foreign-born immigrants (G1), and the majority population and 2) how overqualification patterns vary across ten G2 ancestry groups compared to the majority population. Utilizing Swedish total population register data and linear probability models, this study estimates the probability of overqualification across different immigrant generations and ancestry groups, employing the Realised Matches method to measure overqualification. The results indicate that while G2 individuals have a lower probability of experiencing overqualification compared to G1, they face moderately higher probabilities of overqualification than the majority population-up to 19% higher. This disparity is particularly pronounced among G2 individuals with tertiary education and those of Iranian, Middle Eastern and North African, and Other Non-Western origins, with up to 39% higher probabilities. These findings suggest that G2 individuals, particularly those of non-Western origins, encounter significant challenges in translating their educational qualifications into commensurate employment within the Swedish labour market.
对出生在东道国的移民子女（第二代）的研究一直表明，与多数人口相比，他们在教育成就和劳动力市场成果方面存在差距。本研究通过考察第二代人群中的学历过高模式（即教育程度向下错配），为理解这种差距提供了新的见解。具体而言，它探讨了：1）第二代、外国出生的移民（第一代）和多数人口之间的学历过高模式有何不同；2）与多数人口相比，第二代的十个祖籍群体的学历过高模式如何变化。利用瑞典总人口登记数据和线性概率模型，本研究采用实现匹配法来衡量学历过高，估计了不同移民代际和祖籍群体学历过高的概率。结果表明，虽然第二代个体与第一代相比学历过高的概率较低，但他们比多数人口面临的学历过高概率略高——高出19%。这种差距在受过高等教育的第二代个体以及伊朗、中东和北非以及其他非西方血统的个体中尤为明显，概率高出39%。这些发现表明，第二代个体，尤其是非西方血统的个体，在将其教育资格转化为瑞典劳动力市场上相应的就业机会方面面临重大挑战。
