Liu Guomin, Han Xuekai, Wang Ziyang, Wang Kun, Zhang Zhongsong, Duan Zenan
College of Civil Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China.
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 Nov 9;9(11):686. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9110686.
With the aiming of solving problems with the existing ordinary excavator buckets used in the process of operations (such as heavy digging resistance, ease of adhesion, and others), seven types of bionic buckets and a prototype bucket were designed, based on the contractile-state curve of the earthworm head and the contour curve of the pangolin claw toe. The digging processes of the buckets were simulated using the discrete element method. The results show that, compared with the prototype buckets, all seven types of bionic buckets have significant drag reduction effects at the same digging depth, and the drag reduction effects increase with the decrease of digging speed. Among them, the composite bionic bucket-3 has the highest drag reduction rate, of 14.469% when the digging speed is 2 rad/s. At the same digging speed, different buckets disturb the soil particles to different degrees, and the bionic buckets disturb the soil more significantly compared with the prototype buckets. By conducting contact force field analysis for the buckets, it was shown that the bionic corrugated structure brings the bucket surface into incomplete contact with the soil particles, where the contact is on small areas or even on points, so that the relative velocity between the soil and the shovel body increases under the same driving force, which reduces the excavation resistance. This study provides a theoretical and design basis.
针对现有普通挖掘机铲斗在作业过程中存在的问题（如挖掘阻力大、易粘附等），基于蚯蚓头部收缩状态曲线和穿山甲爪趾轮廓曲线，设计了7种仿生铲斗和1种原型铲斗。采用离散元方法对铲斗的挖掘过程进行了模拟。结果表明，与原型铲斗相比，7种仿生铲斗在相同挖掘深度下均具有显著的减阻效果，且减阻效果随挖掘速度的降低而增大。其中，复合仿生铲斗-3的减阻率最高，在挖掘速度为2 rad/s时减阻率为14.469%。在相同挖掘速度下，不同铲斗对土壤颗粒的扰动程度不同，与原型铲斗相比，仿生铲斗对土壤的扰动更显著。通过对铲斗进行接触力场分析表明，仿生波纹结构使铲斗表面与土壤颗粒不完全接触，接触面积小甚至为点接触，从而在相同驱动力下土壤与铲体之间的相对速度增大，降低了挖掘阻力。该研究提供了理论和设计依据。
