Yang Ranbing, Xu Wenjian, Pan Zhiguo, Zhang Huan, Deng Zhixi
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 25;20(2):e0318526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318526. eCollection 2025.
Aiming at the problems of high working resistance and high energy consumption in potato crop harvesting in sticky soil, this paper designs a potato bionic drag-reducing digging shovel based on the streamline shape of catfish head. Based on the theoretical analysis and discrete element method (DEM) simulation, the main factors affecting the digging resistance are the angle of entry, forward speed and vibration frequency, and the digging resistance increases with the increase of forward speed, and decreases with the increase of vibration frequency. Through the orthogonal test in the field, the optimal working parameters of the drag reduction performance are determined with the digging resistance as the test index, and the comparative test of the different shovel shapes is carried out with this parameter. The results show that the optimal solution is to use bionic shovel, with an entry angle of 15°, an operating speed of 0.27m/s, and a vibration frequency of 6Hz. The average digging resistance of the bionic shovel is 3612.86N, and the bionic digging shovel reduces resistance by 17.76% relative to an ordinary flat shovel, and 21.09% relative to the plane triangle shovel. The effect of drag reduction is remarkable, and the structure of the digging shovel bionic is reasonable, which can satisfy the requirements of resistance reduction and consumption reduction of potato harvesting under the conditions of sticky and heavy soils.
针对粘性土壤中马铃薯作物收获时工作阻力大、能耗高的问题，本文基于鲶鱼头的流线型设计了一种马铃薯仿生减阻挖掘铲。通过理论分析和离散元法（DEM）模拟可知，影响挖掘阻力的主要因素有入土角、前进速度和振动频率，挖掘阻力随前进速度的增加而增大，随振动频率的增加而减小。通过田间正交试验，以挖掘阻力为试验指标确定了减阻性能的最优工作参数，并以此参数对不同铲形进行了对比试验。结果表明，最优方案为采用仿生铲，入土角为15°，作业速度为0.27m/s，振动频率为6Hz。仿生铲的平均挖掘阻力为3612.86N，仿生挖掘铲相对于普通平铲减阻17.76%，相对于平面三角铲减阻21.09%。减阻效果显著，挖掘铲仿生结构合理，能够满足粘性重土壤条件下马铃薯收获的减阻降耗要求。
