Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Chlorantraniliprole on Multiple Generations of L. (Diptera: Culicidae).

Due to the quick development of insecticide resistance, it is crucial to optimize management programs by understanding the sublethal effects of effective insecticides like chlorantraniliprole on L. populations. Using age-stage and two-sex life tables, we investigated the sublethal impacts of chlorantraniliprole on . Larval duration in the progeny of exposed parents was reduced by 0.33-0.42 days, whereas, the longevity of male and female adults was decreased by 1.43-3.05 days. Similarly, the egg-laying capacity of F and F progeny of the exposed parents was significantly reduced from 27.3% to 41.2%. The mean generation time () increased up to 11.8% in exposed populations, and the net reproduction rate () decreased by 51.50-55.60%. After 24 h of chlorantraniliprole treatment, there was a significant increase in cytochrome P450 activity. Contrarily, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) initially declined but started increasing after 48 h of treatment. This research highlights the importance of chlorantraniliprole in mosquito management, as well as the importance of considering sublethal effects when developing strategies to handle them. Having a thorough understanding of the harmful effects of insecticides on mosquito populations can greatly enhance the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, while also minimizing the risk of pest resurgence.