Vector Biology and Control Group, Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Med Vet Entomol. 2024 Sep;38(3):341-348. doi: 10.1111/mve.12721. Epub 2024 May 13.
Mosquito coil is commonly used in many African households for protection against mosquito bites. The coil usually has semi-volatile pyrethroids as an active ingredient, which usually diffuse across open space, and the cloud either kills mosquitoes that are exposed, or mosquitoes can be exposed to sublethal doses of the insecticides. This study was conducted to assess the impact of sublethal doses of mosquito coil on the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti, a major vector for dengue fever and several other arboviral diseases. A laboratory colony of Ae. aegypti was exposed to sublethal doses of a meperfluthrin-based mosquito coil in a Peet-Grady chamber once per generation for 16 generations. The susceptibility of the exposed colony to a diagnostic dose of the mosquito coil as well as to three other insecticides was determined. Three different kdr mutations and five enzyme activities were evaluated in both the exposed and control colonies. After 16 generations of sublethal exposure to mosquito coils, the full diagnostic dose of the coil caused 68% mortality to the exposed colony compared to 100% mortality in the control colony. Mortality caused by deltamethrin (0.05%) was also significantly lower in the exposed colony. The frequency of 1016I kdr mutation as well as MFO and alpha esterase activities were higher in the exposed colony compared to the control colony. This study provides evidence of the development of pyrethroid resistance in an Ae. aegypti population due to sublethal exposure to mosquito coil for 16 generations. Given the large-scale use of mosquito coils in many African households, its role as a pyrethroid resistance selection source should be taken into consideration when designing resistance management strategies.
蚊香在许多非洲家庭中被广泛用于预防蚊虫叮咬。蚊香通常含有半挥发性拟除虫菊酯作为活性成分，这些成分通常会在开放空间中扩散，云雾会杀死暴露在外的蚊子，或者蚊子可能会接触到亚致死剂量的杀虫剂。本研究旨在评估亚致死剂量的蚊香对埃及伊蚊（登革热和几种其他虫媒病毒病的主要传播媒介）产生抗药性的影响。在 Peet-Grady 室中，以每代一次的频率对埃及伊蚊的实验室种群进行了 16 代的亚致死剂量的拟除虫菊酯基蚊香暴露。测定了暴露种群对诊断剂量的蚊香以及另外三种杀虫剂的敏感性。在暴露和对照种群中评估了三种不同的 kdr 突变和五种酶活性。在亚致死剂量暴露于蚊香 16 代后，蚊香的全诊断剂量导致暴露种群的死亡率为 68%，而对照种群的死亡率为 100%。暴露种群中氯菊酯（0.05%）引起的死亡率也明显较低。与对照种群相比，暴露种群中的 1016I kdr 突变以及 MFO 和α酯酶活性的频率更高。本研究提供了证据表明，由于 16 代的亚致死剂量暴露于蚊香，埃及伊蚊种群中出现了拟除虫菊酯抗性。鉴于许多非洲家庭大量使用蚊香，在设计抗药性管理策略时，应考虑到其作为拟除虫菊酯抗性选择源的作用。
