Ciaccioni Simone, Martusciello Francesca, Di Credico Andrea, Guidotti Flavia, Conte Daniele, Palumbo Federico, Capranica Laura, Di Baldassarre Angela
Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Faculty of Human Sciences, Education and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy.
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Nov 14;12(11):310. doi: 10.3390/sports12110310.
This study investigated the psycho-physiological impact of a black belt examination. Older brown-belt judoka (Tori, F = 2, M = 4; age = 75.6 ± 4.5 yrs) and their 2nd-5th Dan black-belt coaches (Uke; M = 6; age = 36.5 ± 10.8 yr) were evaluated during a simulated and official examination and a resting day. Participants' trait anxiety (STAI-Y2) was recorded prior to the study. State anxiety (STAI-Y1), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment (ENJ), and fear of falling (FoF) were collected 15 min before and after the experimental conditions. Saliva samplings at awakening (T0), PRE (T1), and POST (T2) exercise and during the recovery (15 min-T3, 30 min-T4, 60 min-T5) were collected for cortisol (sC), testosterone (sT), and alpha-amylase (sAA). Participants showed normal age-reference population trait anxiety. A difference ( ≤ 0.05) for role emerged for ENJ and sT only. For STAI-Y1, higher PRE values with respect to POST ones emerged ( = 0.005), and the highest values ( = 0.007) for PRE of the examination were with respect to the simulation. For sAA, differences for sampling were found in the examination conditions only, with peak values at T2 (370.3 ± 78.6 U/mL, = 0.001). For sC, a significant peak value (0.51 ± 0.09 μg/dL, = 0.012) emerged at T2 in the examination condition. With respect to Tori, Uke showed higher mean sT values in all conditions ( ≤ 0.05) and the highest T2 during examination (712.5 ± 57.2 pg/mL). Findings suggest the relevance of monitoring psycho-physiological stress-related responses in judo for optimizing both coaching effectiveness and sport performance, especially in older judo practitioners.
本研究调查了黑带考试的心理生理影响。对年龄较大的棕带柔道运动员（投技者，女性2名，男性4名；年龄 = 75.6 ± 4.5岁）及其二段至五段黑带教练（受技者；男性6名；年龄 = 36.5 ± 10.8岁）在模拟考试、正式考试和休息日期间进行了评估。在研究开始前记录参与者的特质焦虑（状态 - 特质焦虑量表 - Y2）。在实验条件前后15分钟收集状态焦虑（状态 - 特质焦虑量表 - Y1）、主观用力程度评分（RPE）、愉悦感（ENJ）和跌倒恐惧（FoF）。在觉醒时（T0）、运动前（T1）、运动后（T2）以及恢复过程中（15分钟 - T3、30分钟 - T4、60分钟 - T5）采集唾液样本，用于检测皮质醇（sC）、睾酮（sT）和α - 淀粉酶（sAA）。参与者表现出正常的与年龄相关人群的特质焦虑。仅在愉悦感和睾酮方面出现了角色差异（≤ 0.05）。对于状态 - 特质焦虑量表 - Y1，运动前值高于运动后值（P = 0.005），且考试前的值相对于模拟考试时最高（P = 0.007）。对于α - 淀粉酶，仅在考试条件下发现采样差异，在T2时达到峰值（370.3 ± 78.6 U/mL，P = 0.001）。对于皮质醇，在考试条件下T2时出现显著峰值（0.51 ± 0.09 μg/dL，P = 0.012）。与投技者相比，受技者在所有条件下的平均睾酮值更高（≤ 0.05），且在考试期间T2时最高（712.5 ± 57.2 pg/mL）。研究结果表明，监测柔道运动中与心理生理应激相关的反应对于优化教练效果和运动表现具有重要意义，尤其是在老年柔道运动员中。
