Yousufzai Wali, Singh Monika, Ahmadi Leeda, Balamurali Shreya, Bavishi Divyaraj, Ashraf Sahar, Stuart Daniel B, Baronia Regina, Amor Wail
Psychiatry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 8103, Lubbock, TX 79430-8103, USA.
Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Uttarakhand, India.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 10;136:111205. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111205. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
This scoping review aims to examine the available literature on the ketogenic diet's (KD) efficiency as a potential therapeutic intervention for various neuropsychiatric disorders.
The KD is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been studied for its potential benefits in managing neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the extent of its effectiveness across a spectrum of these conditions remains unclear.
The study designs considered eligible encompassed randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, retrospective and prospective observational studies, and comparative effectiveness assessments. The criteria for including each study were specifically related to neuropsychiatric disorders, referring to the DSM-5 coding guidelines.
A systemic search was performed by an experienced reference librarian across multiple databases to pinpoint studies relevant to the influence of the ketogenic diet on neuropsychiatric disorders. All relevant articles were included that ranged over the last thirteen years. All relevant records identified were compiled into the Covidence systematic review software.
A total of 30 studies were reviewed, which reported effects of the KD on neuropsychiatric disorders, including improvements in Global Developmental Delay, Childhood Autism, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, psychotic symptoms, Bipolar and Related Disorders, Depressive Disorder symptoms, anxiety symptoms, eating disorders, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders, and Seizure Disorders.
The KD may serve as a promising therapeutic intervention for various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, and further rigorous research is needed to establish the KD as a standard treatment for these disorders and to understand the underlying mechanisms of its effects.
This review underscores the need for healthcare professionals to consider the potential benefits and limitations of the KD when managing patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. It also highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans based on the specific needs and responses of each patient.
本综述旨在研究有关生酮饮食（KD）作为各种神经精神疾病潜在治疗干预措施的现有文献。
KD是一种高脂肪、低碳水化合物饮食，其在治疗神经精神疾病方面的潜在益处已得到研究。然而，其在一系列此类病症中的有效性程度仍不明确。
被认为符合条件的研究设计包括随机和非随机对照试验、回顾性和前瞻性观察性研究以及比较有效性评估。纳入每项研究的标准与神经精神疾病具体相关，参照《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版编码指南。
由经验丰富的参考馆员在多个数据库中进行系统检索，以找出与生酮饮食对神经精神疾病影响相关的研究。纳入过去十三年间的所有相关文章。所有识别出的相关记录都被编入Covidence系统综述软件。
共审查了30项研究，这些研究报告了KD对神经精神疾病的影响，包括全球发育迟缓、儿童自闭症、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状、精神病性症状、双相及相关障碍、抑郁障碍症状、焦虑症状、饮食失调、物质相关及成瘾性障碍、重度和轻度神经认知障碍以及癫痫障碍的改善情况。
KD可能是各种神经精神疾病的一种有前景的治疗干预措施。然而，证据存在异质性，需要进一步进行严格研究，以确立KD作为这些疾病的标准治疗方法，并了解其作用的潜在机制。
本综述强调医疗保健专业人员在管理神经精神疾病患者时需要考虑KD的潜在益处和局限性。它还强调了根据每位患者的具体需求和反应制定个性化治疗计划的重要性。
