Karim Mehdi, Pirzad Samira, Shirsalimi Niyousha, Hosseini Mohammad Hossein, Ebrahimi Pouya, Khoshdooz Sara, Rashidian Pegah
Faculty of Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU), Kyiv, Ukraine.
Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch (IAUTMU), Tehran, Iran.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024 Nov 27;16(1):286. doi: 10.1186/s13098-024-01530-6.
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide, and there is growing interest in the potential use of natural compounds as an alternative treatment for managing DM. Several research studies have investigated the impact of saffron consumption on managing and improving metabolic profiles in patients with DM, and they have shown promising results.
The study aims to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential effects of saffron and its extract on cardiometabolic indicators in diabetic and prediabetic overweight patients.
We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for all relevant studies published before April 20, 2024. We extracted weighted (WMD) or standardized (SMD) mean differences (before-after) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of the outcomes and conducted meta-analyses using R. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024538380).
Out of the studies screened, 15 RCTs were selected for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. These studies collectively involved 869 participants, 438 in the intervention group and 431 in the control group. Notably, our results showed that saffron supplementation led to significant changes in FBS (MD: - 8.75 mg/dL, 95% CI [- 14.75; - 2.76], P < 0.01), HbA1C (MD: - 0.34%, 95% CI [- 0.39; - 0.9], P < 0.01), TG (MD: - 13.28 mg/dL, 95% CI [- 22.82; - 3.75], P < 0.01), SBP (MD: - 5.33 mmHg, 95% CI [- 8.99-1.67], P = 0.04), DBP (MD: - 1.02 mmHg, 95% CI [- 3.91; 1.86], P = 0.03), AST (MD: - 1.32 IU/L, 95% CI [- 1.72, - 0.93], P < 0.01) levels in T2DM patients compared to placebo or no supplementation, indicating its potential as a therapeutic intervention. However, there was no significant effect on Insulin secretion (MD: - 0.15 µU/ml, 95% CI [- 2.1763; 1.8689], P = 0.88), HOMA (MD: - 0.35%, 95% CI [- 1.34;0.63], P = 0.48), TC (MD: - 4.86 mg/dL, 95% CI [- 9.81-0.09], P = 0.54), HDL (MD: 0.18 mg/dL, 95% CI [- 0.93; 1.29], P = 0.74), LDL (MD: - 1.77 mg/dL, 95% CI [- 5.99-2.45], P = 0.41), TNF-α (MD: - 0.34 pg/mL, 95% CI [- 0.99-0.30], P = 0.29), creatinine (MD: 2.83 mg/dL, 95% CI [2.29, 3.37], P = 0.31) and BUN (MD: - 0.44 mg/dL, 95% CI [- 1.43, 0.55], P = 0.38).
Saffron may improve specific CMI indices in overweight patients with diabetes or prediabetes, including significant reductions in FBS, HbA1C, TG, SBP, and AST. However, it did not significantly affect HDL, TC, LDL, insulin secretion, HOMA, DBP, TNF-α, ALT, Cr, or BUN. Further research with more trials and extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm and expand these findings.
糖尿病（DM）在全球的发病率正在上升，人们越来越关注天然化合物作为糖尿病管理替代疗法的潜在用途。多项研究调查了藏红花对糖尿病患者代谢状况管理和改善的影响，并取得了有前景的结果。
本研究旨在系统评价并进行荟萃分析，以评估藏红花及其提取物对糖尿病前期和糖尿病超重患者心脏代谢指标的潜在影响。
我们进行了全面的系统评价和荟萃分析，在PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Embase和谷歌学术中检索2024年4月20日前发表的所有相关研究。我们提取了各结局的加权（WMD）或标准化（SMD）平均差（前后）及95%置信区间（95%CI），并使用R进行荟萃分析。研究方案已在PROSPERO（CRD42024538380）注册。
在筛选的研究中，15项随机对照试验被选入系统评价和荟萃分析。这些研究共纳入869名参与者，干预组438名，对照组431名。值得注意的是，我们的结果显示，与安慰剂或不补充相比，补充藏红花导致2型糖尿病患者的空腹血糖（MD：-8.75mg/dL，95%CI[-14.75；-2.76]，P<0.01）、糖化血红蛋白（MD：-0.34%，95%CI[-0.39；-0.9]，P<0.01）、甘油三酯（MD：-13.28mg/dL，95%CI[-22.82；-3.75]，P<0.01）、收缩压（MD：-5.33mmHg，95%CI[-8.99-1.67]，P=0.04）、舒张压（MD：-1.02mmHg，95%CI[-3.91；1.86]，P=0.03）、谷草转氨酶（MD：-1.32IU/L，95%CI[-1.72，-0.93]，P<0.01）水平发生显著变化，表明其作为一种治疗干预措施的潜力。然而，对胰岛素分泌（MD：-0.15µU/ml，95%CI[-2.1763；1.8689]，P=0.88）、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA）（MD：-0.35%，95%CI[-1.34；0.63]，P=0.48）、总胆固醇（TC）（MD：-4.86mg/dL，95%CI[-9.81-0.09]，P=0.54）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）（MD：0.18mg/dL，95%CI[-0.93；1.29]，P=0.74）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）（MD：-1.77mg/dL，95%CI[-5.99-2.45]，P=0.41）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）（MD：-0.34pg/mL，95%CI[-0.99-0.30]，P=0.29）、肌酐（MD：2.83mg/dL，95%CI[2.29，3.37]，P=0.31）和血尿素氮（BUN）（MD：-0.44mg/dL，95%CI[-1.43，0.55]，P=0.38）无显著影响。
藏红花可能改善糖尿病前期或糖尿病超重患者的特定心脏代谢指标，包括空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、收缩压和谷草转氨酶的显著降低。然而，它对高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、胰岛素分泌、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗、舒张压、肿瘤坏死因子-α、谷丙转氨酶、肌酐或血尿素氮无显著影响。需要更多试验和更长随访期的进一步研究来证实和扩展这些发现。
