Gan Jinghuan, Zeng Yan, Huang Guowei, Wang Xiao-Dan, Lü Yang, Niu Jianping, Meng Xinling, Cai Pan, Li Xia, Li Yang, Shen Lu, You Yong, Gang Baozhi, Tang Yanqing, Lv Yan, Ren Zhihong, Liu Shuai, Ji Yong
Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2024 Dec;102(4):1209-1223. doi: 10.1177/13872877241297155. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
The continuously increasing aging population and life expectancy have led to an inconsistent and underestimated dementia prevalence in China. An updated epidemiologic study is urgently needed.
To update the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in China.
For this national cross-sectional study, 20,438 participants aged ≥65 from 28 communities and 56 villages from 14 centers were recruited using a multistage cluster sampling design between May 2019 and December 2019. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical and neuropsychological measurements. The prevalence rates of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD), as well as the risk factors, were calculated using multivariate-adjusted models.
The crude prevalence rates were 9.1% (95% CI, 8.7%-9.5%) for dementia, 6.0% (95% CI, 5.7%-6.3%) for AD, 1.4% (95% CI, 1.2%-1.5%) for VaD, and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.6%-2.0%) for other dementias in a population aged ≥65 years. The overall sex- and age-standardized prevalence was 8.8%. Apart from VaD, the prevalence rates of dementia and AD were higher in females than males (10.3% versus 7.7%, respectively). Moreover, the prevalence rates of dementia and AD increased significantly with age. Being unmarried and having fewer social activities increased the risks of dementia and main subtypes. Risk factors were not exactly the same for participants with AD and VaD.
The prevalence of dementia is increased and almost comparable with that of developed countries for individuals aged ≥65 years. These findings may serve as new evidence for government interventions in aging.
人口老龄化持续加剧以及预期寿命不断延长，导致中国痴呆症患病率存在不一致且被低估的情况。迫切需要开展一项更新的流行病学研究。
更新中国痴呆症的患病率及危险因素。
在这项全国性横断面研究中，于2019年5月至2019年12月期间，采用多阶段整群抽样设计，从14个中心的28个社区和56个村庄招募了20438名年龄≥65岁的参与者。通过一系列临床和神经心理学测量对参与者进行评估。使用多变量调整模型计算痴呆症、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、血管性痴呆（VaD）的患病率以及危险因素。
在年龄≥65岁的人群中，痴呆症的粗患病率为9.1%（95%CI，8.7%-9.5%），AD为6.0%（95%CI，5.7%-6.3%），VaD为1.4%（95%CI，1.2%-1.5%），其他痴呆症为1.8%（95%CI，1.6%-2.0%）。总体性别和年龄标准化患病率为8.8%。除VaD外，痴呆症和AD的患病率女性高于男性（分别为10.3%和7.7%）。此外，痴呆症和AD的患病率随年龄显著增加。未婚和社交活动较少会增加患痴呆症及主要亚型的风险。AD和VaD参与者的危险因素并不完全相同。
≥65岁人群中痴呆症的患病率有所上升，几乎与发达国家相当。这些发现可为政府针对老龄化的干预措施提供新证据。
