Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, MI, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, MI, Italy; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024 Oct;40:1309-1325. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.12.002. Epub 2022 Dec 13.
The three portions of the deltoid muscle (anterior, middle, and posterior) are primary movers of several strengthening exercises and their contribution to different exercises can be measured using surface electromyography.
To systematically review studies that evaluated the activation of commonly used exercises and their variations.
A search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, evaluating at least one deltoid portion during conventional isotonic exercises (minimum load: 60% of one-repetition maximum or body weight) and reporting normalized values. Similar exercises were grouped, averaged, and ranked according to the resulting activation. Individual exercise variations were also ranked.
For anterior deltoid, horizontal adductions (inclined) and horizontal adductions (horizontal) generated the greatest activation, while the inclined dumbbell fly was the individual exercise with greatest activation; for middle deltoid, abductions and horizontal abductions presented the greatest activation, with lateral raises associated with internal rotation being the exercise producing greatest activation. For posterior deltoid, pull-ups generated greatest activation, with the standard pull-up and the inverted row with a suspension device requiring the greatest individual exercise activation.
These findings can be useful for coaches and practitioners when choosing the most appropriate exercise for strengthening programs.
三角肌的三个部分（前、中、后）是多种力量训练的主要动力源，其在不同运动中的贡献可以通过表面肌电图进行测量。
系统综述评估常用运动及其变体激活的研究。
在 PubMed（MEDLINE）、Web of Science、Scopus 和 SciELO 中进行检索。符合纳入标准的 33 项研究评估了传统等张运动（最小负荷：一次重复最大或体重的 60%）中至少一个三角肌部分的激活情况，并报告了归一化值。将相似的运动分组、平均，并根据产生的激活进行排序。也对单个运动变化进行了排名。
对于三角肌前束，水平内收（倾斜）和水平内收（水平）产生最大的激活，而倾斜哑铃飞鸟是激活最大的单个运动；对于三角肌中束，外展和水平外展的激活最大，而与内旋相关的侧平举是产生最大激活的运动。对于三角肌后束，引体向上产生最大的激活，标准引体向上和带悬挂装置的倒拉需要最大的单个运动激活。
这些发现对于教练和从业者在选择最适合强化计划的运动时可能很有用。
