University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Medisiina Service Point, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Medisiina Service Point, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024 Oct;40:706-725. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.05.018. Epub 2024 May 26.
Several studies have shown that people with whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) may experience diverse symptoms, and social, activity and participation limitations. However, the symptom profile of WAD is still unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to identify the symptoms, impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of people with WAD to construct a symptom profile.
The data search was performed using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Full-text quantitative and qualitative studies reporting symptoms, impairments, activity and participation limitations, or environmental factors affecting them in people with WAD were included. The extracted data was synthesised using Joanna Briggs Institute's convergent integrated approach. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was chosen to evaluate the quality of the studies.
Fifty-three studies involving 102 943 people with WAD met the inclusion criteria. Three key themes were identified to describe the symptom profile: 1) the prevalence of symptoms, impairments or limitations; 2) the severity of symptoms and the effect of symptoms on functioning, activity and participation; and 3) the effects of environmental factors on the symptom profile. Two-thirds of the symptoms, impairments and limitations identified from the studies related to problems in body functions, and one-third to difficulties executing activities or participating in life situations.
The literature describes a wide variety of symptoms in people with WAD. However, it does not adequately describe how these symptoms affect a patient's function, activity, or levels of participation. Considering the symptom profile after whiplash injury to be primarily neck-related may be misdirected.
多项研究表明，颈挥鞭伤相关障碍（WAD）患者可能会出现多种症状，以及社会、活动和参与受限。然而，WAD 的症状谱仍不清楚。因此，本系统综述旨在确定 WAD 患者的症状、损伤、活动受限和参与受限，以构建症状谱。
使用 PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO、CINAHL 和 Scopus 数据库进行数据检索。纳入了报告 WAD 患者症状、损伤、活动和参与受限或影响这些因素的环境因素的定量和定性研究。使用循证卫生保健中心的整合方法对提取的数据进行综合。选择批判性评估技能计划检查表来评估研究的质量。
符合纳入标准的 53 项研究共涉及 102943 名 WAD 患者。确定了三个主题来描述症状谱：1）症状、损伤或受限的发生率；2）症状的严重程度以及症状对功能、活动和参与的影响；3）环境因素对症状谱的影响。三分之二的研究中确定的症状、损伤和受限与身体功能问题有关，三分之一与活动执行或参与生活情况困难有关。
文献描述了 WAD 患者的多种症状。然而，它没有充分描述这些症状如何影响患者的功能、活动或参与水平。认为挥鞭伤后的症状谱主要与颈部有关可能是错误的。
