Fuentes-García Juan Pedro, Villafaina Santos
Grupo de Investigación Análisis Didáctico y Comportamental del Deporte (ADICODE), Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Investigación e Innovación en el Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Nov 5;14(11):1044. doi: 10.3390/bs14111044.
(1) Background: Previous studies showed that neurofeedback and biofeedback could improve stress levels, enhance self-control over physiological factors, improve behavioral efficiency, and increase reaction speed to stimuli. Specifically, the sensorimotor rhythm stimulation (12-15 Hz) can enhance cognitive functions such as selective attention and working memory. However, there is no study that analyzes the effect of these interventions in chess players. (2) Methods: A Chess Woman Grandmaster and Chess International Master, with an ELO ranking higher than 2350 points, was selected to participate in this case study. The participant conducted a total of 14 sessions of biofeedback and neurofeedback, training in breathing, sensorimotor rhythm stimulation in Cz, skin conductance, temperature, and heart rate variability combined with chess work. Specific and non-specific tasks were designed to evaluate the intervention. (3) Results: The chess player enhanced the heart rate variability during specific and non-specific chess tasks: chess problems, 15 + 10 games, and puzzle rush games. In addition, the sensorimotor rhythm power decreased during the chess problem and increased during the 15 + 10 game and puzzle rush. Also, chess performance and anxiety levels improved after the intervention. (4) Conclusions: Neurofeedback and biofeedback training combined with chess training could improve the performance of chess players.
(1) 背景：先前的研究表明，神经反馈和生物反馈可以改善压力水平，增强对生理因素的自我控制，提高行为效率，并加快对刺激的反应速度。具体而言，感觉运动节律刺激（12 - 15赫兹）可以增强诸如选择性注意和工作记忆等认知功能。然而，尚无研究分析这些干预措施对象棋棋手的影响。(2) 方法：选取一位国际象棋女子特级大师和一位国际象棋国际大师，其国际棋联等级分高于2350分，参与本案例研究。参与者总共进行了14次生物反馈和神经反馈训练，包括呼吸训练、Cz处的感觉运动节律刺激、皮肤电导、温度以及结合国际象棋活动的心率变异性训练。设计了特定和非特定任务来评估干预效果。(3) 结果：这位棋手在特定和非特定国际象棋任务（国际象棋问题、15 + 10对局和谜题冲刺游戏）期间增强了心率变异性。此外，在国际象棋问题期间感觉运动节律功率下降，而在15 + 10对局和谜题冲刺期间增加。而且，干预后国际象棋表现和焦虑水平有所改善。(4) 结论：神经反馈和生物反馈训练与国际象棋训练相结合可以提高棋手的表现。
