Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80100 Naples, Italy.
Cells. 2024 Nov 8;13(22):1853. doi: 10.3390/cells13221853.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators of gene expression, influencing key cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In the realm of sarcomas-a diverse group of malignant tumors affecting soft tissues and bone sarcomas-miRNAs have emerged as crucial players in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This review delves into the intricate roles of miRNAs across various soft tissue sarcoma subtypes, including rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, angiosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). We explore how dysregulated miRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, modulating critical pathways that define the aggressive nature of these cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of specific miRNAs and highlight their promise as therapeutic targets. By understanding the miRNA-mediated regulatory networks, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research while pointing towards future directions for miRNA-based therapies. Our findings underscore the potential of miRNAs to transform the landscape of sarcoma treatment, offering hope for more precise, personalized, and effective therapeutic strategies.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是基因表达的关键调节因子，影响增殖、分化、凋亡和转移等关键细胞过程。在肉瘤领域——一组影响软组织和骨肉瘤的多种恶性肿瘤——miRNAs 已成为肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展的关键参与者。本综述深入探讨了 miRNAs 在各种软组织肉瘤亚型中的复杂作用，包括横纹肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、血管肉瘤、未分化多形性肉瘤（UPS）和恶性外周神经鞘瘤（MPNST）。我们探讨了失调的 miRNAs 如何作为癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因发挥作用，调节定义这些癌症侵袭性的关键途径。此外，我们讨论了特定 miRNAs 的诊断和预后潜力，并强调了它们作为治疗靶点的潜力。通过了解 miRNA 介导的调控网络，本综述旨在提供当前研究的全面概述，同时为 miRNA 为基础的治疗方法指明未来方向。我们的研究结果强调了 miRNAs 改变肉瘤治疗格局的潜力，为更精确、个性化和有效的治疗策略带来了希望。
