Chair of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lódź, Muszyńskiego 1 Street, 91-151 Łódź, Poland.
Chair of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Raw Material Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lódź, Muszyńskiego 1 Street, 91-151 Łódź, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 6;25(22):11938. doi: 10.3390/ijms252211938.
Xanthohumol (XN), representing the group of chalcones, is a hydroxyl and superoxide free radical scavenger. It also has antimicrobial properties, showing antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. XN exerts an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase (it hinders the oxidation of l-tyrosine and l-DOPA). However, it also affects the transport of pigment (through a reduction in the number and length of dendrites) and its degradation (through damage to melanosomes). Additionally, it has been shown to inhibit the different activation pathways of the premeditated response in macrophages and reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Xanthohumol also improves skin elasticity by reducing the activity of elastase and MMP 1, 2 and 9, and it increases the expression of type I, III and V collagen, as well as elastin and fibrillins in skin fibroblasts. It acts against the main factors contributing to the pathogenesis of acne by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β and TNF-α). Moreover, it shows antibacterial activity against and , as well as seboregulatory and antioxidant properties. It has also been recognized that XN intake could affect diabetic wound healing. XN shows antitumoral activity, e.g., in the case of skin melanoma, which is associated with the antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and immunostimulating effects of this compound.
黄腐酚（XN）属于查尔酮类，是一种羟基和超氧自由基清除剂。它还具有抗菌特性，对金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌表现出抗菌活性。XN 对酪氨酸酶具有抑制作用（阻碍 l-酪氨酸和 l-DOPA 的氧化）。然而，它也会影响色素的转运（通过减少树突的数量和长度）及其降解（通过破坏黑素体）。此外，它已被证明可以抑制巨噬细胞中预先设定反应的不同激活途径，并减少促炎细胞因子 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-1β 的分泌。黄腐酚还可以通过降低弹性蛋白酶和 MMP1、2 和 9 的活性来改善皮肤弹性，并增加皮肤成纤维细胞中 I 型、III 型和 V 型胶原蛋白以及弹性蛋白和原纤维蛋白的表达。它通过抑制促炎介质（如 COX-2、PGE2、IL-1β 和 TNF-α）来对抗导致痤疮发病的主要因素。此外，它对 和 具有抗菌活性，并且具有皮脂调节和抗氧化特性。人们还认识到，XN 的摄入可能会影响糖尿病伤口的愈合。XN 具有抗肿瘤活性，例如在皮肤黑色素瘤的情况下，这与该化合物的抗氧化、促凋亡、抗血管生成和免疫刺激作用有关。
