Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 985870 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 12;25(22):12137. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212137.
Obesity is a common risk factor in multiple tumor types, including prostate cancer. Obesity has been associated with driving metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and increased mortality. The effect of adipose tissue on the tumor microenvironment is still poorly understood. This review aims to highlight the work conducted in the field of obesity and prostate cancer and bring attention to areas where more research is needed. In this review, we have described key differences between healthy adipose tissues and obese adipose tissues, as they relate to the tumor microenvironment, focusing on mechanisms related to metabolic changes, abnormal adipokine secretion, altered immune cell presence, and heightened oxidative stress as drivers of prostate cancer formation and progression. Interestingly, common treatment options for prostate cancer ignore the adipose tissue located near the site of the tumor. Because of this, we have outlined how excess adipose tissue potentially affects therapeutics' efficacy, such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment, and identified possible drug targets to increase prostate cancer responsiveness to clinical treatments. Understanding how obesity affects the tumor microenvironment will pave the way for understanding why some prostate cancers become metastatic or treatment-resistant, and why patients experience recurrence.
肥胖是多种肿瘤类型的常见危险因素，包括前列腺癌。肥胖与促进转移、治疗耐药和增加死亡率有关。脂肪组织对肿瘤微环境的影响仍知之甚少。本综述旨在强调肥胖与前列腺癌领域的研究工作，并关注需要进一步研究的领域。在本综述中，我们描述了健康脂肪组织和肥胖脂肪组织之间的关键差异，因为它们与肿瘤微环境有关，重点介绍了与代谢变化、异常脂肪因子分泌、免疫细胞存在改变和氧化应激加剧相关的机制，这些机制是前列腺癌形成和发展的驱动因素。有趣的是，前列腺癌的常见治疗方法忽略了肿瘤部位附近的脂肪组织。因此，我们概述了多余的脂肪组织如何潜在地影响雄激素剥夺、化疗和放疗等治疗的疗效，并确定了可能的药物靶点，以提高前列腺癌对临床治疗的反应性。了解肥胖如何影响肿瘤微环境将为理解为什么一些前列腺癌会发生转移或耐药，以及为什么患者会复发铺平道路。
