Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 13;25(22):12192. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212192.
Erysipelas is a significant problem in the waterfowl farming in Poland, and information on the characteristics of the strains causing this disease is limited. In this study, we determined the serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and potential mechanisms of resistance gene transfer in isolates (n = 60) from domestic geese and ducks. We also developed a multiplex PCR for the detection of resistance genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes, integrative conjugative element (ICE)-specific genes, phage-specific genes, and serotype determinants were detected by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for selected resistant strains. The comparative analyses included 260 strains whose whole genome sequences (WGSs) are publicly available. isolates represented 7 serotypes, among which serotypes 5 (38.3%) and 1b (28.3%) were the most common. All strains were susceptible to β-lactams, and the vast majority of them were resistant to tetracycline (85%) and enrofloxacin (80%). The percentages of isolates resistant to other antimicrobials used ranged from 3.3% to 16.7%. Ten isolates (16.7%) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The genotypic resistance profiles of the strains corresponded to their phenotypic resistance, and the amplification patterns obtained using the 10-plex PCR developed in this study were fully consistent with the results of single PCRs. The most prevalent resistance gene was . In enrofloxacin-resistant strains, nonsynonymous mutations in the and genes were identified. The presence of ICE-specific genes was confirmed in resistant strains, and in MDR isolates of serotype 8 that represented sequence type (ST) 113, prophage DNA (Javan630-like) linked to the gene was additionally detected. The results indicate that β-lactam antibiotics should be the first choice for the treatment of waterfowl erysipelas in Poland. ICEs, including a transposon from the Tn916/Tn1545 family, and bacteriophages are most likely responsible for the transfer of resistance genes in .
波兰水禽养殖中，丹毒是一个严重的问题，关于引起这种疾病的菌株特征的信息有限。在这项研究中，我们确定了 60 株来自家养鹅和鸭的分离株的血清型、抗菌药物敏感性以及耐药基因转移的潜在机制。我们还开发了一种用于检测耐药基因的多重 PCR。使用肉汤微量稀释法评估分离株的抗菌药物敏感性。通过 PCR 检测耐药基因、整合性接合元件（ICE）特异性基因、噬菌体特异性基因和血清型决定簇。对选定的耐药菌株进行多位点序列分型（MLST）。比较分析包括 260 株具有公开全基因组序列（WGS）的菌株。分离株代表 7 种血清型，其中血清型 5（38.3%）和 1b（28.3%）最为常见。所有菌株均对β-内酰胺类药物敏感，绝大多数对四环素（85%）和恩诺沙星（80%）耐药。对其他抗菌药物的耐药率范围为 3.3%至 16.7%。10 株（16.7%）被鉴定为多重耐药（MDR）。菌株的基因型耐药谱与其表型耐药谱相对应，使用本研究中开发的 10 重 PCR 获得的扩增模式与单个 PCR 的结果完全一致。最常见的耐药基因是. 在恩诺沙星耐药株中，发现 基因和 基因存在非同义突变。在耐药株中证实了 ICE 特异性基因的存在，并且在代表序列型（ST）113 的血清型 8 的 MDR 分离株中，还检测到与 基因相连的 Javan630 样噬菌体 DNA。结果表明，β-内酰胺类抗生素应该是波兰水禽丹毒治疗的首选药物。ICEs，包括来自 Tn916/Tn1545 家族的转座子，以及噬菌体很可能是 中耐药基因转移的原因。
