Sánchez-Sellero Inés, Soto-Varela Andrés
Division of Toxicology, Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Forensic Sciences Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Division of Neurotology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 6;13(22):6650. doi: 10.3390/jcm13226650.
: It is known that balance disorders involve occupational hazards. However, the inverse relationship (between certain occupations and an increased incidence of vertigo or dizziness) has been scarcely studied. The objective of this work was to analyze the occupation of a group of patients with vertigo compared to the economically active general population and to evaluate the prevalence of occupational noise and/or vibration exposure in both groups. : A prospective cross-sectional, observational, case-control study was carried out, including 393 patients (193: Meniere's disease; 63: vestibular migraine; 21: vestibular neuritis; 116: BPPV) (244 women and 149 men). These patients were compared to a control group from the general population obtained from 6th EWCS-Spain (2015). Possible differences regarding sex, age, occupation, exposure to noise, and exposure to mechanical vibrations were analyzed. : Differences in the distribution of occupations between patients with vertigo and the general population were observed (Chi-square, = 4.065 × e). Patients with vertigo were significantly more exposed to noise (Fisher's exact test, = 2.97 × e; OR = 2.595, CI95% (1.916;3.515)) and vibrations (Fisher's exact test, = 6.23 × e; OR = 2.722, CI95% (1.963;3.775)) than the control group. These differences were observed both between men and women. : A relationship between occupational exposure to noise and/or vibrations and the presence of vertigo was observed. Protective and preventive measures could help prevent the occurrence of some diseases involving vertigo.
已知平衡障碍涉及职业危害。然而，（某些职业与眩晕或头晕发病率增加之间的）反比关系鲜有研究。这项工作的目的是分析一组眩晕患者的职业情况，并与经济活动活跃的普通人群进行比较，同时评估两组人群中职业噪声和/或振动暴露的患病率。
开展了一项前瞻性横断面观察性病例对照研究，纳入393例患者（193例：梅尼埃病；63例：前庭性偏头痛；21例：前庭神经炎；116例：良性阵发性位置性眩晕）（244名女性和149名男性）。将这些患者与来自西班牙第六次欧洲工作条件调查（2015年）的普通人群对照组进行比较。分析了在性别、年龄、职业、噪声暴露和机械振动暴露方面可能存在的差异。
观察到眩晕患者与普通人群在职业分布上存在差异（卡方检验，=4.065×e）。眩晕患者比对照组明显更多地暴露于噪声（费舍尔精确检验，=2.97×e；OR=2.595，95%CI（1.916；3.515））和振动（费舍尔精确检验，=6.23×e；OR=2.722，95%CI（1.963；3.775））。男性和女性之间均观察到了这些差异。
观察到职业噪声和/或振动暴露与眩晕的存在之间存在关联。防护和预防措施有助于预防一些涉及眩晕的疾病的发生。
