Neuhauser H K
Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;137:67-82. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63437-5.00005-4.
This chapter gives an overview of the epidemiology of dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance, and of specific vestibular disorders. In the last decade, population-based epidemiologic studies have complemented previous publications from specialized settings and provided evidence for the high burden of dizziness and vertigo in the community. Dizziness (including vertigo) affects about 15% to over 20% of adults yearly in large population-based studies. Vestibular vertigo accounts for about a quarter of dizziness complaints and has a 12-month prevalence of 5% and an annual incidence of 1.4%. Its prevalence rises with age and is about two to three times higher in women than in men. Imbalance has been increasingly studied as a highly prevalent complaint particularly affecting healthy aging. Studies have documented the high prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and vestibular migraine (VM), as well as of comorbid anxiety at the population level. BPPV and VM are largely underdiagnosed, while Menière's disease, which is about 10 times less frequent than BPPV, appears to be overdiagnosed. Risk factor research is only at its beginning, but has provided some interesting observations, such as the consistent association of vertigo and migraine, which has greatly contributed to the recognition of VM as a distinct vestibular syndrome.
本章概述了头晕、眩晕和平衡失调以及特定前庭疾病的流行病学情况。在过去十年中，基于人群的流行病学研究补充了之前来自专业机构的出版物，并为社区中头晕和眩晕的高负担提供了证据。在大型基于人群的研究中，头晕（包括眩晕）每年影响约15%至超过20%的成年人。前庭性眩晕约占头晕主诉的四分之一，其12个月患病率为5%，年发病率为1.4%。其患病率随年龄增长而上升，女性患病率约为男性的两到三倍。平衡失调作为一种特别影响健康老龄化的高度普遍的主诉，受到越来越多的研究。研究记录了良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）和前庭性偏头痛（VM）的高患病率，以及人群层面共病焦虑的情况。BPPV和VM在很大程度上未得到充分诊断，而梅尼埃病的发病率约为BPPV的十分之一，似乎存在过度诊断的情况。危险因素研究才刚刚起步，但已经提供了一些有趣的观察结果，比如眩晕与偏头痛之间的持续关联，这对将VM确认为一种独特的前庭综合征起到了很大作用。
