Jelaković Ana, Radunović Danilo, Josipović Josipa, Željković Vrkić Tajana, Gellineo Lana, Domislović Marija, Prelević Vladimir, Živko Marijana, Fuček Mirjana, Marinović Glavić Mihaela, Bašić-Jukić Nikolina, Pećin Ivan, Bubaš Marija, Capak Krunoslav, Jelaković Bojan
Department for Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 13;13(22):6827. doi: 10.3390/jcm13226827.
. National surveys have reported variable prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to differences in the characteristics of the population, study design, equations used for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and definitions. The EH-UH 2 survey is the first study evaluating CKD prevalence, characteristics, and awareness in Croatia. . This was a cross-sectional nationwide observational study designed to assess the prevalence of CKD and cardio-kidney-metabolic risk factors in Croatia, which included 1765 randomly selected subjects. We estimated the prevalence of CKD by means of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and eGFR (CKD-EPI equation). Comorbidities and anthropometric and social factors related to the prevalence of CKD were analyzed, and the CV risk profile was evaluated. . The weighted prevalence of CKD (any stage), CKD stage ≥G3A A2, and CKD defined only as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m were estimated at 17.1%, 9.8%, and 7.9%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in men than in women (11.8% vs. 7.9%; < 0.001). The weighted prevalence of an ACR >30 mg/g was 15.1%. Older age, male gender, diabetes, ePWV, and uric acid were independently associated with CKD prevalence. The awareness of CKD was 9.5%. Persons unaware of CKD were older with lower income, less education, more frequent diabetes, hypertension (less frequently controlled), and milder renal impairment. . In Croatia, the estimated prevalence of CKD is high, being presented more frequently in men than in women. CKD patients have an unfavorable CV risk profile. The awareness of CKD is very low, reflecting poor health literacy in the general population but also in health-care workers.
全国性调查显示，由于人群特征、研究设计、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）所用公式以及定义的不同，慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率存在差异。EH-UH 2调查是克罗地亚第一项评估CKD患病率、特征及知晓情况的研究。
这是一项全国性横断面观察性研究，旨在评估克罗地亚CKD及心肾代谢危险因素的患病率，纳入了1765名随机选取的受试者。我们通过白蛋白与肌酐比值（ACR）和eGFR（CKD-EPI公式）估算CKD患病率。分析了与CKD患病率相关的合并症、人体测量学及社会因素，并评估了心血管风险状况。
CKD（任何阶段）、CKD≥G3A期、仅定义为eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m²的加权患病率分别估计为17.1%、9.8%和7.9%。男性患病率高于女性（11.8%对7.9%；P<0.001）。ACR>30 mg/g的加权患病率为15.1%。年龄较大、男性、糖尿病、脉搏波传导速度（ePWV）和尿酸与CKD患病率独立相关。CKD知晓率为9.5%。未意识到患有CKD的人群年龄较大，收入较低，受教育程度较低，糖尿病、高血压（控制较差）更常见，且肾功能损害较轻。
在克罗地亚，CKD估计患病率较高，男性比女性更常见。CKD患者的心血管风险状况不佳。CKD知晓率非常低，这反映出普通人群以及医护人员的健康素养较差。
