Dop Dalia, Pădureanu Vlad, Pădureanu Rodica, Niculescu Stefan-Adrian, Drăgoescu Alice Nicoleta, Moroșanu Aritina, Mateescu Diana, Niculescu Carmen Elena, Marcu Iulia Rahela
Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Life (Basel). 2024 Nov 12;14(11):1463. doi: 10.3390/life14111463.
Postural disorders in children and adolescents have an increasing incidence. The aim of this study was to identify the type of postural defects in school-age and preschool children, as well as the external risk factors determined by an inadequate lifestyle. The research included 134 children aged between 5 and 18 years, in whom postural defects were identified. The project involved an examination of the children's body posture, a survey of the parents to determine the children's lifestyle, blood tests, and spinal X-rays. A significant percentage (76%) of the children included in the study were underweight. The examination of postural defects in the students revealed scoliosis in 21% of the patients, kyphosis in 7.5%, and lordosis in 1.5%, while 70% of the patients presented an association between at least two postural defects. As far as risk factors are concerned, we identified the presence of rickets sequelae in 70% of the patients, the presence of pectus excavatum in 43% of the patients, genu varum in 15%, and flat foot in 12%. Additionally, 90% of the children had an incorrect posture at the desk, while 42% incorrectly carried their backpack on one shoulder only. In terms of diet quality, associations between an inadequate diet and postural disorders were found for kyphosis, scoliosis, and other deformities. In conclusion, postural abnormalities in children have an increased incidence from an early age and are a result of the change in lifestyle in recent years, represented by sedentarism, a lack of physical activity, the excessive use of electronic devices, stress, and an inadequate diet.
儿童和青少年的姿势障碍发病率呈上升趋势。本研究的目的是确定学龄儿童和学龄前儿童姿势缺陷的类型，以及由不良生活方式决定的外部风险因素。该研究纳入了134名5至18岁被发现有姿势缺陷的儿童。该项目包括对儿童身体姿势的检查、对家长的调查以确定儿童的生活方式、血液检查和脊柱X光检查。纳入研究的儿童中有很大比例（76%）体重不足。对学生姿势缺陷的检查发现，21%的患者有脊柱侧弯，7.5%有脊柱后凸，1.5%有脊柱前凸，而70%的患者至少有两种姿势缺陷相关联。就风险因素而言，我们发现70%的患者有佝偻病后遗症，43%的患者有漏斗胸，15%有膝内翻，12%有扁平足。此外，90%的儿童在书桌前姿势不正确，而42%的儿童只单肩背着书包。在饮食质量方面，发现饮食不足与脊柱后凸、脊柱侧弯和其他畸形的姿势障碍之间存在关联。总之，儿童姿势异常从早年起发病率就有所上升，是近年来生活方式改变的结果，表现为久坐不动、缺乏体育活动、过度使用电子设备、压力和饮食不足。
