Karpiński Tomasz M, Korbecka-Paczkowska Marzena, Ożarowski Marcin, Włodkowic Donald, Wyganowska Marzena Liliana, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka, Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
Medi Pharm, os. Konstytucji 3 Maja 14/2, 63-200 Jarocin, Poland.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Nov 17;17(11):1544. doi: 10.3390/ph17111544.
Adaptation can reduce or completely eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics and antiseptics at clinical concentrations. To our knowledge, no studies have examined fungal adaptation to antiseptics. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the potential for adaptation to eight antiseptics. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), drug susceptibility, adaptation to antiseptics, and Karpinski Adaptation Index (KAI) of strains were assessed. The antiseptics with the most effective MICs activity against were octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and polyhexamethylene biguanide (polyhexanide, PHMB). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethacridine lactate (ET) demonstrated moderate activity, while boric acid (BA), povidone-iodine (PVI), and potassium permanganate (KMnO) showed the weakest activity. The MIC values for NaOCl and KMnO were close to or equal to the clinical concentrations used in commercial products. The studied strains were susceptible to econazole, miconazole, and voriconazole. Resistance to other drugs occurred in 10-30% of the strains. Antifungal resistance remained unchanged after antiseptic adaptation testing. The lowest KAI values, indicating very low resistance risk, were observed for CHX, OCT, and PHMB. PVI and BA presented a low risk, ET a moderate risk. KMnO and NaOCl had the highest KAI values, indicating high and very high resistance risk in yeasts. strains can adapt to antiseptics to varying extents. For most antiseptics, adaptation does not significantly affect their clinical efficacy. However, due to adaptation, NaOCl and KMnO may become ineffective against strains even at clinical concentrations.
适应性可降低或完全消除临床浓度下抗生素和防腐剂的效力。据我们所知，尚无研究考察真菌对防腐剂的适应性。本研究旨在初步探究对八种防腐剂产生适应性的可能性。评估了菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、药敏性、对防腐剂的适应性以及卡尔平斯基适应性指数（KAI）。对[具体真菌名称未给出]具有最有效MIC活性的防腐剂是二盐酸奥替尼啶（OCT）、葡萄糖酸洗必泰（CHX）和聚六亚甲基双胍（聚己双胍，PHMB）。次氯酸钠（NaOCl）和乳酸依沙吖啶（ET）表现出中等活性，而硼酸（BA）、聚维酮碘（PVI）和高锰酸钾（KMnO₄）表现出最弱的活性。NaOCl和KMnO₄的MIC值接近或等于商业产品中使用的临床浓度。所研究的菌株对益康唑、咪康唑和伏立康唑敏感。10% - 30%的菌株对其他药物耐药。防腐剂适应性测试后，真菌耐药性保持不变。CHX、OCT和PHMB的KAI值最低，表明耐药风险极低。PVI和BA呈现低风险，ET呈现中等风险。KMnO₄和NaOCl的KAI值最高，表明酵母中的耐药风险高和非常高。[具体真菌名称未给出]菌株可在不同程度上适应防腐剂。对于大多数防腐剂而言，适应性不会显著影响其临床疗效。然而，由于适应性，即使在临床浓度下，NaOCl和KMnO₄对[具体真菌名称未给出]菌株也可能变得无效。
