Brito Sofia, Baek Moonki, Bin Bum-Ho
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Oct 31;16(11):1403. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16111403.
Several industries are increasingly focused on enhancing the delivery of active ingredients through the skin to optimize therapeutic outcomes. By facilitating the penetration of active ingredients through the skin barrier, these enhancers can significantly improve the efficacy of various formulations, ranging from skincare products to therapeutic agents targeting systemic circulation. As the understanding of skin physiology and the mechanisms of drug absorption deepen, these industries are adopting permeation enhancers more widely, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and expanded treatment options. However, the structure and physiological function of the skin can vary according to different factors, such as the area of the body and between individuals. These variations, along with external environmental exposures, aging and pathological conditions, introduce complexities that must be carefully considered when designing effective delivery systems. Considering the intricacies of skin structure and physiology, tailoring systems to account for regional differences, individual variability, and changes induced by environmental factors or disease is critical to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the features of skin structure, physiology, and pathologies, as well as the application of permeation enhancers in these contexts. Furthermore, it addresses the use of animal skin models in transdermal delivery and dermatological studies, along with the latest developments in this field.
几个行业越来越专注于通过皮肤增强活性成分的递送，以优化治疗效果。通过促进活性成分透过皮肤屏障，这些渗透促进剂可以显著提高各种制剂的功效，从护肤品到针对全身循环的治疗药物。随着对皮肤生理学和药物吸收机制的理解不断深入，这些行业越来越广泛地采用渗透促进剂，最终带来更好的患者治疗效果和更多的治疗选择。然而，皮肤的结构和生理功能会因不同因素而有所不同，例如身体部位和个体之间的差异。这些差异，以及外部环境暴露、衰老和病理状况，在设计有效的递送系统时会引入必须仔细考虑的复杂性。考虑到皮肤结构和生理学的复杂性，根据区域差异、个体变异性以及环境因素或疾病引起的变化来定制系统对于优化治疗效果至关重要。本综述讨论了皮肤结构、生理学和病理学的特点，以及渗透促进剂在这些情况下的应用。此外，它还涉及动物皮肤模型在透皮给药和皮肤病学研究中的应用，以及该领域的最新进展。
