Yang Huimin, Zhang Mingfang, Guan Xinwei, Shang Xiaogang, Zhu Lingfeng, Xu Haimei, Li Songbo
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China.
Centre for Atomaterials and Nanomanufacturing (CAN), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Molecules. 2024 Nov 16;29(22):5413. doi: 10.3390/molecules29225413.
Carbon aerogels synthesized via the polymerization of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) exhibit remarkable physiochemical properties, such as high thermal stability and excellent electrical conductivity. However, their limited specific surface area and porosity restrict their application potential. Herein, we developed hierarchical porous carbon aerogels using a one-step carbonization and activation method, directly converting the resin into carbon aerogel material by adding KOH as an activating agent. In contrast to conventional carbon aerogels with an irregular block ground structure, our hierarchical porous carbon aerogels exhibit substantially enhanced specific surface area, total pore volume, and surface oxygen content. In addition, this straightforward one-step fabrication approach holds significant promise for energy storage applications. Notably, the hierarchical porous carbon aerogel C1, with a KOH/RF mass ratio of 1, was proven to be the most effective electrode candidates, achieving a specific capacitance of 261.9 F·g at 1 A·g and 208.2 F·g at 20 A·g. Moreover, it exhibited an outstanding rate capability of 79.5% and excellent capacity retention of approximately 97.5% after 10,000 cycles (7 A·g). This work highlights a promising approach for synthesizing commercial-grade carbon aerogels with hierarchical porosity, enabling high-performance energy storage applications.
通过间苯二酚（R）和甲醛（F）聚合合成的碳气凝胶具有卓越的物理化学性质，如高热稳定性和出色的导电性。然而，其有限的比表面积和孔隙率限制了它们的应用潜力。在此，我们采用一步碳化和活化法制备了分级多孔碳气凝胶，通过添加氢氧化钾（KOH）作为活化剂将树脂直接转化为碳气凝胶材料。与具有不规则块状结构的传统碳气凝胶相比，我们的分级多孔碳气凝胶的比表面积、总孔体积和表面氧含量均显著提高。此外，这种简单的一步制备方法在储能应用方面具有巨大潜力。值得注意的是，氢氧化钾与间苯二酚 - 甲醛（RF）质量比为1的分级多孔碳气凝胶C1被证明是最有效的电极候选材料，在1 A·g时的比电容为261.9 F·g，在20 A·g时为208.2 F·g。此外，它表现出79.5%的出色倍率性能，在10000次循环（7 A·g）后容量保持率约为97.5%。这项工作突出了一种合成具有分级孔隙率的商业级碳气凝胶的有前景的方法，可实现高性能储能应用。
