Safety and Resources Valorization Research Group (INVAGRO), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH), Av. Antonio José de Sucre Km 1 1/2, Riobamba 060108, Ecuador.
Group for Research and Innovation in Food Packaging, Riobamba 060107, Ecuador.
Molecules. 2024 Nov 19;29(22):5452. doi: 10.3390/molecules29225452.
The high accumulation of plastic waste in the environment has led to great interest in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Their benefits, combined with the application of electrospinning technology, represent an innovative proposal for the food packaging industry. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments of PLA- and PHA-biopolyester-based electrospun materials for food packaging applications, summarizing the reported technologies, material properties, applications, and invention patents. In addition, the legislation used to assess their biodegradability is also detailed. Electrospun packaging materials are largely developed through uniaxial, coaxial, emulsion, multiaxial, and needleless techniques. PLA- and PHA-biopolyester-based electrospun materials can be obtained as single and multilayer packaging structures, and the incorporation of natural extracts, organic compounds, and nanoparticles has become a great strategy for designing active food packaging systems. The biodegradability of electrospun materials has mainly been evaluated in soil, compost, and aquatic systems through ASTM and ISO normatives. In this review, the dependence of the biodegradation process on the polymer type, conditions, and test methods is clearly reviewed. Moreover, these biodegradable electrospun materials have shown excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, resulting in a great method for extending the shelf life of fruits, bread, fish, and meat products.
环境中塑料废物的高度积累导致人们对可生物降解聚合物产生了浓厚的兴趣，例如聚乳酸（PLA）或聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）。它们的优势，结合静电纺丝技术的应用，为食品包装行业提出了一项创新的建议。本文全面回顾了 PLA 和 PHA 生物聚酯基静电纺丝材料在食品包装应用方面的最新进展，总结了报道的技术、材料性能、应用和发明专利。此外，还详细介绍了用于评估其生物降解性的法规。静电纺包装材料主要通过单轴、同轴、乳液、多轴和无针技术开发。PLA 和 PHA 生物聚酯基静电纺丝材料可以获得单和多层包装结构，并且天然提取物、有机化合物和纳米粒子的掺入已成为设计活性食品包装系统的重要策略。静电纺丝材料的生物降解性主要通过 ASTM 和 ISO 标准在土壤、堆肥和水系统中进行评估。在这篇综述中，明确地审查了聚合物类型、条件和测试方法对生物降解过程的依赖性。此外，这些可生物降解的静电纺丝材料表现出优异的抗氧化和抗菌性能，为延长水果、面包、鱼类和肉类产品的保质期提供了一种很好的方法。
