School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Molecules. 2024 Nov 20;29(22):5475. doi: 10.3390/molecules29225475.
The therapeutic potential of plant extracts has attracted significant interest, especially regarding indigenous species with health-promoting properties. , native to Northern Thailand, is recognized for its rich phytochemical profile; however, the impact of various extraction techniques on its phenolic composition and bioactivity remains underexplored. Optimizing extraction methods is essential to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of this plant's bioactive compounds. This study investigated the influence of four extraction methods-ethanol maceration, ethanol reflux, aqueous decoction, and microwave-assisted extraction-on the bioactive profile of leaves, with a focus on the phenolic content and biological activities. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, while the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by colorimetric methods. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) quantified gymnemic acid and key phenolic compounds. Among the methods, ethanol reflux yielded the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS scavenging), with a total phenolic content of 82.54 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 31.90 mg QE/g. HPLC analysis identified sinapic acid, myricetin, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid as major phenolics. Furthermore, the ethanol reflux extract displayed potent anti-diabetic activity, with IC values of 13.36 mg/mL for α-amylase and 7.39 mg/mL for α-glucosidase, as well as strong anti-inflammatory activity (IC of 1.6 mg/mL) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC of 1.2 mg/mL). These findings suggest that ethanol reflux extraction is a highly effective method for producing bioactive-rich extracts, with substantial pharmacological potential for developing herbal remedies and nutraceuticals, particularly in enhancing therapeutic approaches for diabetes and other health-related conditions.
植物提取物的治疗潜力引起了极大的关注，特别是对具有促进健康特性的本土物种。 ，原产于泰国北部，以其丰富的植物化学物质而闻名；然而，各种提取技术对其酚类成分和生物活性的影响仍未得到充分探索。优化提取方法对于提高该植物生物活性化合物的药理功效至关重要。本研究考察了四种提取方法（乙醇渗漉、乙醇回流、水提取和微波辅助提取）对 叶生物活性谱的影响，重点关注酚类含量和生物活性。抗氧化活性通过 DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP 测定进行评估，总酚和类黄酮含量通过比色法定量。高效液相色谱法（HPLC）定量了瓜尔豆酸和关键酚类化合物。在所研究的方法中，乙醇回流法的抗氧化活性（DPPH 和 ABTS 清除）最高，总酚含量为 82.54 mg GAE/g，类黄酮含量为 31.90 mg QE/g。HPLC 分析鉴定出咖啡酸、杨梅素和对羟基苯甲酸为主要酚类化合物。此外，乙醇回流提取物表现出很强的抗糖尿病活性，对α-淀粉酶的 IC 值为 13.36 mg/mL，对α-葡萄糖苷酶的 IC 值为 7.39 mg/mL，同时具有很强的抗炎活性（IC 为 1.6 mg/mL）和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性（IC 为 1.2 mg/mL）。这些发现表明，乙醇回流提取是一种生产富含生物活性成分的有效方法，具有很大的药理学潜力，可用于开发草药疗法和营养保健品，特别是在增强治疗糖尿病和其他健康相关疾病的方法方面。
