Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Medical School, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Viruses. 2024 Oct 25;16(11):1671. doi: 10.3390/v16111671.
One of the greatest success stories of modern medicine is the prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination, most notably against smallpox and poliomyelitis. However, recent events, such as the 2009-2010 swine flu and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemics, as well as the continued emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses highlighted the fact that we still need to develop new vaccines, and perhaps we should be proactive, rather than reacting to epidemics and pandemics. However, the development of tools for evaluating novel vaccines has not been able to keep up with the rate of vaccine production. Humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination have both been suggested to be important in preventing infections or ameliorating their consequences, although there is uncertainty regarding their exact roles and importance. This, together with the rapid development of new vaccines, means that the need for developing immunogenicity parameters, and even more importantly, reliable correlates of protection, is more important than ever.
现代医学最大的成功故事之一是通过接种疫苗预防传染病，尤其是针对天花和脊髓灰质炎。然而，最近发生的事件，如 2009-2010 年的猪流感和 2020 年的 COVID-19 大流行，以及高致病性禽流感病毒的持续出现，都表明我们仍需要开发新的疫苗，也许我们应该主动出击，而不是对传染病和大流行做出反应。然而，新型疫苗评估工具的开发速度却跟不上疫苗生产的速度。体液免疫和细胞免疫应答都被认为对预防感染或减轻其后果很重要，尽管它们的确切作用和重要性尚不确定。这一点，再加上新疫苗的快速发展，意味着开发免疫原性参数的必要性，甚至更重要的是，可靠的保护相关性，比以往任何时候都更加重要。
