Ignatova Elizaveta, Balasubramanian Priyadharshini, Raney Julia H, Ganson Kyle T, Testa Alexander, He Jinbo, Baker Fiona C, Nagata Jason M
Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Adolesc Health. 2025 Mar;76(3):396-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.10.015. Epub 2024 Nov 25.
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between identifying as transgender and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in US early adolescents.
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Year 3, 2019-2021) to estimate associations between gender identity and ADHD symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-oriented attention problem scale scores, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, parent education, household income, and study site. Additional models adjusted for stress problems and depression symptoms. Multiple linear regression analyses estimated the association between gender identity and ADHD symptoms.
In a sample of 10,277 adolescents, mostly 12-13-year-olds, 1.0% self-identified as transgender and 1.1% self-identified as gender-questioning. Self-reported transgender status (B = 3.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.79-6.04; p = .011) and gender-questioning status (B = 2.72; 95% confidence interval = 0.79-4.65; p = .006) were both associated with higher ADHD symptom scores when compared to cisgender peers after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. In models adjusting for stress problems and depression as well as sociodemographic variables, the associations between transgender and gender-questioning status and ADHD symptoms were attenuated and no longer statistically significant.
Our results indicate that gender minority status may be linked to higher ADHD symptom scores, potentially due to higher minority stress.
本研究旨在探讨美国青少年早期中自我认同为跨性别者与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状之间的关联。
我们分析了青少年大脑认知发展研究（2019 - 2021年第3年）的横断面数据，使用儿童行为清单中基于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》的注意力问题量表分数来估计性别认同与ADHD症状之间的关联，并对年龄、性别、种族、父母教育程度、家庭收入和研究地点进行了调整。其他模型对压力问题和抑郁症状进行了调整。多元线性回归分析估计了性别认同与ADHD症状之间的关联。
在10277名青少年样本中，大多数为12 - 13岁，1.0%的青少年自我认同为跨性别者，1.1%的青少年自我认同为性别存疑者。在调整社会人口统计学变量后，自我报告的跨性别状态（B = 3.41；95%置信区间 = 0.79 - 6.04；p = 0.011）和性别存疑状态（B = 2.72；95%置信区间 = 0.79 - 4.65；p = 0.006）与顺性别同龄人相比，均与更高的ADHD症状得分相关。在调整压力问题、抑郁症状以及社会人口统计学变量的模型中，跨性别和性别存疑状态与ADHD症状之间的关联减弱，不再具有统计学意义。
我们的结果表明，性别少数群体身份可能与更高的ADHD症状得分相关，这可能是由于更高的少数群体压力所致。
