Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2022 Sep;75:103205. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103205. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts from childhood and lasts through adulthood. Historically thought as male dominant disorder, researches now emphasized that ADHD also effects females equally. Despite the ascending research on gender differences of ADHD, there is little known about its differences in prevalence and effects and there is a dearth of reviews that can draw a firm conclusion especially in adults. Data from the available medical literature published in English language literature of all time was reviewed systematically and tabulated to evaluate the gender-based differences in prevalence and effects of ADHD in adults. The studies revealed gender differences in adult ADHD in prevalence, and effects. Results showed that males have more prevalence as compared to females but females too have a significant presence of disorder. Females were more impaired as compared to men in most of the effects of ADHD like social functioning, time perception, stress tackling and mood disorder. Males were more impaired in working memory and educational functioning as compared to females. The review shows sufficient evidence of gender differences in adult ADHD in prevalence, and effects, that similarity across genders should not be assumed. It is concluded that there are plenty of conflicting evidence regarding gender differences in many areas of adult ADHD research, and to remove such discrepancies, the existing research is the need for more studies on gender differences and similarities in functioning of adults with ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种始于儿童期并持续到成年期的神经发育障碍。过去认为该病以男性为主，但现在的研究强调，ADHD 同样会对女性产生影响。尽管 ADHD 的性别差异研究不断增多，但人们对其患病率和影响的差异知之甚少，也缺乏能够得出明确结论的综述，尤其是在成人中。本研究系统性地回顾了所有英文医学文献中关于 ADHD 的性别差异的现有数据，并进行了制表，以评估 ADHD 在成年人群体中的患病率和影响的性别差异。研究表明，ADHD 在成年人群体中的患病率和影响存在性别差异。结果显示，男性的患病率高于女性，但女性也存在明显的障碍。在 ADHD 的大多数影响方面，如社交功能、时间感知、应对压力和情绪障碍，女性的受损程度比男性更严重。与女性相比，男性在工作记忆和教育功能方面的受损程度更大。本综述表明，ADHD 在成年人群体中的患病率和影响存在充分的性别差异证据，不应假设性别之间存在相似性。结论是，在 ADHD 成年患者的许多研究领域中，关于性别差异的证据存在大量冲突，为消除这些差异，需要更多关于 ADHD 成年患者功能的性别差异和相似性的研究。
