饮食模式与多种癌症风险：前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析的伞形综述
Dietary patterns and risk of multiple cancers: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies.
作者信息
Yin Jia-Li, Li Yi-Zi, Wang Ran, Song Xin-Jian, Zhao Long-Gang, Wang Dong-Dong, Liu Jia-Cheng, Liu Pei-Chen, Wang Jia-Yi, Shi Yu-Chen, Liu Fang-Hua, Chen Xing, Sun Ming-Hui, Men Yi-Xuan, Xu Jin, Ma Shuai, Qin Ying, Gao Song, Zhao Yu-Hong, Gao Xiang, Qi Lu, Zhang Xue-Hong, Gong Ting-Ting, Wu Qi-Jun
机构信息
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Feb;121(2):213-223. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.020. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
BACKGROUND
Numerous prospective cohort studies have investigated the influence of dietary patterns on the risks of various cancers, although the findings differed.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the associations of dietary patterns with risks of various cancers and assess the strength and validity of the evidence.
METHODS
Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases from inception to February 22, 2024. The included systematic reviews were meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies that reported an effect size to calculate the association between dietary patterns and cancer risk. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews and the certainty of evidence was assessed using credibility assessment of evidence. Outcomes of interest included any incident cancers. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023425237).
RESULTS
Overall, 74 meta-analyses from 30 articles were identified. Three meta-analyses (4.1%) were graded as convincing evidence and included associations between adherence to the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations (per 1-unit score increase) and lower risk of all cancers (relative risk [RR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 0.95), whereas negative associations were found comparing the highest compared with lowest categories for a prudent diet (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.93) and vegetable-fruit-soybean diet (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.92) in relation to breast cancer. After credibility assessment of evidence by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, 4 (5.4%) meta-analyses were classified as high, including adherence to the 2007 WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations and decreased risks of all cancers, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that adherence to certain healthy dietary patterns is associated with lower risk of all cancers and certain individual cancers. This study was registered at crd.york.ac.uk, PROSPERO as CRD42023425237 and /PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=425237.
背景
众多前瞻性队列研究探讨了饮食模式对各种癌症风险的影响，尽管研究结果存在差异。
目的
评估饮食模式与各种癌症风险之间的关联，并评估证据的强度和有效性。
方法
从PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆数据库中检索自数据库建立至2024年2月22日的相关文章。纳入的系统评价是对前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析，这些研究报告了效应量以计算饮食模式与癌症风险之间的关联。使用一种测量工具评估纳入研究的质量以评估系统评价，并使用证据可信度评估来评估证据的确定性。感兴趣的结局包括任何新发癌症。本研究已在PROSPERO（CRD42023425237）注册。
结果
总体而言，共识别出30篇文章中的74项荟萃分析。三项荟萃分析（4.1%）被评为有说服力的证据，包括遵循2007年世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所（WCRF/AICR）饮食建议（每增加1单位评分）与所有癌症风险降低之间的关联（相对风险[RR]=0.93，95%置信区间[CI]：0.92，0.95），而在乳腺癌方面，将谨慎饮食的最高类别与最低类别进行比较时发现呈负相关（RR=0.89，95%CI：0.85，0.93）以及蔬菜水果大豆饮食（RR=0.87，95%CI：0.83，0.92）。在通过推荐分级、评估、制定和评价对证据进行可信度评估后，4项（5.4%）荟萃分析被归类为高质量，包括遵循2007年WCRF/AICR饮食建议与所有癌症、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险降低之间的关联。
结论
这些发现表明，遵循某些健康的饮食模式与所有癌症和某些特定癌症的较低风险相关。本研究已在crd.york.ac.uk、PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42023425237，网址为/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=425237。
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