Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Eur Respir Rev. 2024 Nov 27;33(174). doi: 10.1183/16000617.0123-2024. Print 2024 Oct.
Physical rehabilitation may improve health and wellbeing outcomes for some adults living with long COVID. However, individuals living with pre-existing multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and long COVID may have additional rehabilitation challenges. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence describing physical rehabilitation interventions for adults living with long COVID, to systematically map the reporting of pre-existing MLTCs, and to describe the characteristics of physical rehabilitation interventions used in adults with both pre-existing long-term conditions (LTCs) and long COVID.
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, medRxiv, OpenGrey and MedNar were searched from January 2020 to July 2023. Eligibility criteria included adults with long COVID, rehabilitation interventions including a physical component in any setting and any study design investigating interventions or intervention content except case series/reports.
Of 5326 unique records, 50 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 25 (50%) made reference to pre-existing LTCs. These articles included four protocols and one consensus statement. Four of the remaining 20 studies (20%) reported the number of pre-existing LTCs, enabling the differentiation of individuals with MLTCs. One study reported outcomes of individuals with MLTCs separately to those without. The interventions described (k=24) typically consisted of combined aerobic and strength exercises (k=17 (71%)) in an outpatient setting (k=13 (54%)).
There is limited and inconsistent reporting of the presence of MLTCs in studies of physical rehabilitation for adults with long COVID. Clarity and consistency of reporting of MLTCs is required to enable evaluation and adaptation of interventions to improve health and wellbeing for this population.
物理康复可能会改善一些患有长期 COVID 的成年人的健康和幸福感。然而，患有多种预先存在的长期疾病（MLTCs）和长期 COVID 的个体可能会面临额外的康复挑战。本范围综述旨在确定描述患有长期 COVID 的成年人的物理康复干预措施的现有证据，系统地描述预先存在的 MLTCs 的报告情况，并描述用于患有预先存在的长期疾病（LTCs）和长期 COVID 的成年人的物理康复干预措施的特征。
从 2020 年 1 月到 2023 年 7 月，在 MEDLINE、CINAHL、Scopus、APA PsycInfo、medRxiv、OpenGrey 和 MedNar 中进行了搜索。纳入标准包括患有长期 COVID 的成年人，包括任何物理成分的康复干预措施，以及任何研究设计，除了病例系列/报告，均调查干预措施或干预内容。
在 5326 条独特记录中，有 50 篇文章符合纳入标准，其中 25 篇（50%）提到了预先存在的 LTCs。这些文章包括四项方案和一项共识声明。其余 20 项研究中的四项（20%）报告了预先存在的 LTCs 的数量，从而能够区分患有 MLTCs 的个体。一项研究分别报告了患有 MLTCs 和未患有 MLTCs 的个体的结果。描述的干预措施（k=24）通常包括联合有氧运动和力量训练（k=17（71%）），在门诊环境中进行（k=13（54%））。
在针对患有长期 COVID 的成年人的物理康复研究中，对 MLTCs 的存在的报告有限且不一致。需要明确和一致地报告 MLTCs，以能够评估和调整干预措施，从而改善该人群的健康和幸福感。
