Cui Y W, Zhang H J, Lin S M, Bao J, Han S H, Wang H N
Safety Production Department, Beijing Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China.
Physical Examination Department, Beijing Institute of Chemical Occupational Disease Prevention and Control (Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control), Beijing 100093, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2024 Nov 20;42(11):837-844. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20231213-00152.
To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among scientific researchers in a computer workstation of a high-tech aerospace enterprise, and to provide data support for the improvement of occupational health management policies in this type of enterprise. From March to April 2023, using convenient sampling method, 1398 scientific researchers using computer workstations in an aerospace high-tech enterprise in Beijing were selected as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs in various parts of the body was investigated by using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the influencing factors of WMSDs in neck, lower back, shoulder and upper back were analyzed by logistic regression. The total incidence of WMSDs was 55.4% (774/1398) in the scientific researchers who used computer workstations. The top 4 body parts in WMSDs incidence were neck (24.3%, 340/1398), lower back (20.4%, 285/1398), shoulder (18.7%, 262/1398), upper back (12.7%, 177/1398). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that feeling slightly tired and tired after work, setting a rest/break time of 10 to 15 min before the next continuous job, and operating computer for 2 to 4 hours and >4 hours were the influencing factors for the occurrence of neck WMSDs (=3.08, 1.90, 0.60, 2.00, 1.49, <0.05). Female, 5-<10 years of working experience, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work, operating computer for 6-<8 hours and 8-10 hours a day were all the influencing factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the lower back (=1.82, 0.64, 2.95, 1.80, 1.61, 1.82, 1.73, <0.05). Female, feeling slightly tired and tired after work were the influencing factors of shoulder WMSDs occurrence (=2.42, 2.09, 2.00, <0.05). Female, 5-<10 years, 10-15 years of working age, 1-3 times of physical exercise/quarter, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work were the influencing factors for the occurrence of upper back WMSDs (=2.76, 2.19, 2.78, 0.48, 4.20, 2.66, 2.19, <0.05) . The incidence of WMSDs among scientific researchers in computer workstations of aerospace high-tech enterprises is high, which is closely related to individual characteristics and workstation usage characteristics. Measures should be taken to prevent and improve the WMSDs status of scientific researchers.
分析某高科技航天企业计算机工作站科研人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）的现状及影响因素，为该类企业职业健康管理政策的完善提供数据支持。2023年3月至4月，采用方便抽样法，选取北京某航天高科技企业1398名使用计算机工作站的科研人员作为研究对象。采用肌肉骨骼疾病问卷调查身体各部位WMSDs的发生率，并通过logistic回归分析颈部、下背部、肩部和上背部WMSDs的影响因素。使用计算机工作站的科研人员中WMSDs的总发生率为55.4%（774/1398）。WMSDs发生率排名前4的身体部位依次为颈部（24.3%，340/1398）、下背部（20.4%，285/1398）、肩部（18.7%，262/1398）、上背部（12.7%，177/1398）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，下班后感觉略有疲倦和疲倦、在下一次连续工作前设置10至15分钟的休息/间歇时间以及操作计算机2至4小时和>4小时是颈部WMSDs发生的影响因素（=3.08，1.90，0.60，2.00，1.49，<0.05）。女性、工作经验5-<10年、下班后感觉略有疲倦、疲倦和非常疲倦、每天操作计算机6-<8小时和8-10小时均是下背部WMSDs发生的影响因素（=1.82，0.64，2.95，1.80，1.61，1.82，1.73，<0.05）。女性、下班后感觉略有疲倦和疲倦是肩部WMSDs发生的影响因素（=2.42，2.09，2.00，<0.05）。女性、工作年龄5-<10年、10-15年、每季度进行1-3次体育锻炼、下班后感觉略有疲倦、疲倦和非常疲倦是上背部WMSDs发生的影响因素（=2.76，2.19，2.78，0.48，4.20，2.66，2.19，<0.05）。航天高科技企业计算机工作站科研人员WMSDs发生率较高，与个体特征和工作站使用特征密切相关。应采取措施预防和改善科研人员的WMSDs状况。
