Zou Y L, Zhang J, Huang W Y, Qiu S Q, He J T, Jia N, Wang Z X
Department of School and Environmental Health, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai 519060, China.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2025 Apr 20;43(4):269-274. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20240228-00074.
To investigate the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in bus drivers in Zhuhai City, analyze the ergonomic factors, and explore the prevention and control measures of WMSDs. From March to May 2023, 1675 active bus drivers from 5 branches of a bus group in Zhuhai were selected by stratified sampling method. The incidence of WMSDs among bus drivers in the past 12 months was investigated by using the modified Chinese Version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. The influencing factors of WMSDs were analyzed by (2) test and generalized linear model. The total incidence of WMSDs in bus drivers in the past 12 months was 47.2% (790/1675) , and the incidence of WMSDs in neck and shoulder and lower back was 36.9% (618/1675) and 31.7% (531/1675) , respectively. The (2) test showed that there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of WMSDs among bus drivers with different individual factors such as body mass index (BMI) , physical exercise and looking down at mobile phones (<0.05) . There were significant differences in the incidence of WMSDs in the neck and shoulder of bus drivers with different years of service and number of stops on their routes (<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of WMSDs in the lower back of bus drivers with different one-way driving time, shift patterns, and rest breaks during work (<0.05) . Abnormal BMI, professional working years >12 years, uncomfortable working posture, frequent turning, slightly forward neck posture, large forward neck posture and long shoulder posture were the risk factors for WMSDs of bus drivers (<0.05) , and comfortable seat was the protective factor (<0.05) . One-way driving time >70 min, shift work schedules, uncomfortable working posture, slightly forward back posture, and frequent turning were the risk factors leading to lower back WMSDs (<0.05) , and physical exercise, comfortable driving cabin space, and seat comfort were the protective factors (<0.05) . The total incidence of WMSDs in bus drivers is higher, and ergonomic factors are related to the occurrence of WMSDs. In the implementation of bus driving space comfort, human-computer interaction interface friendliness and seat comfort, employers should be reasonable allocation of fitness facilities, regular training, reasonable shift organization and other measures to prevent and control the occurrence of bus drivers WMSDs.
为调查珠海市公交车司机工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）的发生情况，分析其工效学因素，并探索WMSDs的防控措施。2023年3月至5月，采用分层抽样方法，从珠海市某公交集团5个分公司的1675名在职公交车司机中进行抽样。采用改良中文版肌肉骨骼疾病调查问卷，调查公交车司机过去12个月内WMSDs的发生率。采用（2）检验和广义线性模型分析WMSDs的影响因素。公交车司机过去12个月内WMSDs的总发生率为47.2%（790/1675），颈部和肩部以及下背部WMSDs的发生率分别为36.9%（618/1675）和31.7%（531/1675）。（2）检验显示，不同个体因素如体重指数（BMI）、体育锻炼和低头看手机的公交车司机中，WMSDs的发生率存在统计学差异（<0.05）。不同工作年限和线路站点数的公交车司机颈部和肩部WMSDs的发生率存在显著差异（<0.05）。不同单程驾驶时间、轮班模式和工作期间休息情况的公交车司机下背部WMSDs的发生率存在统计学差异（<0.05）。BMI异常、职业工作年限>12年、工作姿势不舒适、频繁转向、颈部轻度前倾姿势、颈部大幅前倾姿势和肩部长期姿势是公交车司机WMSDs的危险因素（<0.05），舒适的座椅是保护因素（<0.05）。单程驾驶时间>70分钟、轮班工作安排、工作姿势不舒适、背部轻度前倾姿势和频繁转向是导致下背部WMSDs的危险因素（<0.05），体育锻炼、驾驶舱空间舒适和座椅舒适度是保护因素（<0.05）。公交车司机WMSDs的总发生率较高，工效学因素与WMSDs的发生有关。在实施公交车驾驶空间舒适性、人机交互界面友好性和座椅舒适性方面，用人单位应合理配置健身设施、定期培训、合理安排轮班等措施，以防控公交车司机WMSDs的发生。
